捕鱼蛛（学名：Dolomedes）是盗蛛科的一个属，又称食鱼蜘蛛、狡蛛、跑蛛等。生活在淡水域边，虽然牠们因擅长捕鱼而得名，但其实牠们也会捉其他水生小动物食用。差不多所有捕鱼蛛都是半水栖动物，目前只知有2个种并不是水陆两栖：
捕鱼蛛通常不会用蜘蛛丝来捕食，反而是用它把卵载着，作用就好像育婴室。雌性蜘蛛只须花很少时间便可以制造网，载着卵到处走动。而北美洲的捕鱼蛛，甚至会留在网中一个星期。
特征
捕鱼蛛头胸部的长度比宽度多一些，高而突出并靠近眼睛。眼睛的位置分为两排，位于后排的眼睛要更大一些。除了第三对足较短外，其他对足均发达有力且长度相等。[1]
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[2]
- Dolomedes actaeon Pocock, 1903
- Dolomedes albicomus L.Koch, 1867
- Dolomedes albicoxus Bertkau, 1880
- Dolomedes albineus Hentz, 1845
- Dolomedes alexandri Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes angolensis (Roewer, 1955)
- 狭长狡蛛 Dolomedes angustivirgatus Kishida, 1936
- Dolomedes angustus (Thorell, 1899)
- Dolomedes annulatus Simon, 1877
- Dolomedes aquaticus Goyen, 1888
- Dolomedes batesi Pocock, 1903
- Dolomedes bedjanic Yu & Kuntner, 2024[3]
- Dolomedes bistylus Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes boiei (Doleschall, 1859)
- Dolomedes briangreenei Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes bukhkaloi Marusik, 1988
- Dolomedes chevronus Yin, 2012
- 梨形狡蛛 Dolomedes chinesus Chamberlin, 1924
- Dolomedes chroesus Strand, 1911
- 心形狡蛛 Dolomedes cordivulva (Strand, 1907)
- Dolomedes costatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004
- Dolomedes crosbyi Lessert, 1928
- Dolomedes dondalei Vink & Dupérré, 2010
- Dolomedes elegans Taczanowski, 1874
- Dolomedes errans Dufour, 1831
- Dolomedes facetus L.Koch, 1876
- Dolomedes fageli Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes femoralis Hasselt, 1882
- Dolomedes fernandensis Simon, 1909
- 水涯狡蛛 Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757)
- 拟水涯狡蛛 Dolomedes fimbriatoides (Boes. et Str., 1906)
- Dolomedes flaminius L.Koch, 1867
- Dolomedes fontus Tanikawa & Miyashita, 2008
- Dolomedes furcatus Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes fuscipes Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes fuscus Franganillo, 1931
- Dolomedes gertschi Carico, 1973
- Dolomedes gracilipes Lessert, 1928
- Dolomedes gregoric Yu & Kuntner, 2024[3]
- Dolomedes guamuhaya Alayón, 2003
- 狭条狡蛛 Dolomedes hercules (Boes. et Str., 1906)
- Dolomedes holti Carico, 1973
- 黑脊狡蛛 Dolomedes horishanus Kishida, 1936
- Dolomedes hydatostella Yu & Kuntner, 2024[3]
- Dolomedes hyppomene Audouin, 1826
- Dolomedes instabilis L.Koch, 1876
- 兴起狡蛛 Dolomedes insurgens (Chamberlin, 1924)
- Dolomedes intermedius Giebel, 1863
- 日本狡蛛 Dolomedes japonicus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- Dolomedes kalanoro Silva & Griswold, 2013[3]
- Dolomedes karijini Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913
- Dolomedes lafoensis Berland, 1924
- Dolomedes laticeps Pocock, 1898
- Dolomedes lesserti Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes lizturnerae Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes lomensis Strand, 1906
- Dolomedes lucensis Thorell, 1873
- Dolomedes machadoi Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes macrops Simon, 1906
- Dolomedes mankorlod Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes mendigoetmopasi Barrion, 1995
- Dolomedes minahassae Merian, 1911
- Dolomedes minor L.Koch, 1876
- 褐腹狡蛛 Dolomedes mizhoanus Kishida, 1936
- Dolomedes naja Berland, 1938
- Dolomedes neocaledonicus Berland, 1924
- 黑斑绞蛛 Dolomedes nigrimaculatus Song & Chen, 1991
- Dolomedes noukhaiva Walckenaer, 1847
- Dolomedes ocreatus
- Dolomedes ohsuditia Kishida, 1936
- Dolomedes okefinokensis Bishop, 1924
- Dolomedes orion Tanikawa, 2003
- 白跗狡蛛 Dolomedes pallitarsis (Doenitz et Strand, 1906)
- Dolomedes palmatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005
- Dolomedes palpiger Pocock, 1903
- Dolomedes paroculus Simon, 1901
- Dolomedes pedder Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes pegasus Tanikawa, 2012
- Dolomedes petalinus Yin, 2012
- 植狡蛛 Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757)
- Dolomedes pratensis Risso, 1826
- Dolomedes pullatus Nicolet, 1849
- 拉普狡蛛 Dolomedes raptor Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- Dolomedes raptoroides Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004
- Dolomedes rotundus Yu & Kuntner, 2024[3]
- 赤条狡蛛 Dolomedes saganus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- Dolomedes schauinslandi Simon, 1899
- Dolomedes scriptus Hentz, 1845
- 老狡蛛 Dolomedes senilis Simon, 1880
- Dolomedes signatus Walckenaer, 1837
- Dolomedes silvicola Tanikawa & Miyashita, 2008
- Dolomedes smithi Lessert, 1916
- Dolomedes spathularis Hasselt, 1882
- 星狡蛛 Dolomedes stellatus Kishida, 1936
- Dolomedes straeleni Roewer, 1955
- Dolomedes striatus Giebel, 1869
- Dolomedes submarginalivittatus Strand, 1907
- 黄褐狡蛛 Dolomedes sulfureus L.Koch, 1878
- Dolomedes sumatranus Strand, 1906
- Dolomedes tadzhikistanicus Andreeva, 1976
- Dolomedes tenebrosus Hentz, 1844
- Dolomedes titan Berland, 1924
- Dolomedes toldo Alayón, 2003
- Dolomedes transfuga Pocock, 1900
- Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer, 1837)
- Dolomedes upembensis (Roewer, 1955)
- Dolomedes vatovae Caporiacco, 1940
- Dolomedes venmani Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes vicque Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes vittatus Walckenaer, 1837
- Dolomedes wetarius Strand, 1911
- Dolomedes wollastoni Hogg, 1915
- Dolomedes wollemi Raven & Hebron, 2018
- Dolomedes yawatai Ono, 2002
- Dolomedes zatsun Tanikawa, 2003
- 张家界狡蛛 Dolomedes zhangjiajiensis Yin, 2012
各地的捕鱼蛛
目前中国大陆已记录了328种捕鱼蛛，台湾就有6种捕鱼蛛，分别有：
- 黑背跑蛛 - Dolomedes horishanus Kishida
- 褐腹跑蛛 - Dolomedes mizhoanus Kishida
- 溪跑蛛 - Dolomedes raptor Boes. & Str.
- 赤条跑蛛 - Dolomedes saganus Boes. & Str.
- 长触肢跑蛛 - Hygroposa higenaga (Kishida)
- 白条跑蛛 - Nilus phipsoni O.P. Cambridge
目前北美洲有9种捕鱼蛛，以下是牠们的种类：
- Dolomedes triton
- Dolomedes striatus
- Dolomedes scriptus
- Dolomedes vittatus
- Dolmedes gertschi
- Dolomedes holti
- Dolomedes tenebrosus
- Dolomedes okefinokensis
- Dolomedes albineus
欧洲现时只发现2种捕鱼蛛：Dolomedes plantarius及Dolomedes fimbriatus，而前者更被列入英国濒危物种名单入面，同全球濒危物种之一。
图片库
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捕鱼蛛的雄性有很大只的螯足. -
Dolomedes triton -
Dolomedes sulfureus
资料来源
- 《台湾常见蜘蛛图鉴》，ISBN 957-02-8706-3
- 《自然观察图鉴1-蜘蛛》，ISBN 986-7988-11-6
- 《自然观察步道-台湾蜘蛛观察入门》，ISBN 957-99645-8-0
参见
参考文献
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