涡虫纲（学名：Turbellaria）是扁形动物门一个纲，传统上包括所有非寄生的扁形动物物种，约有4500种，多数为自由生活的掠食者或食腐动物。涡虫纲包含陆生及水生物种，大多数涡虫为海生，在底泥、岩石、海藻上爬行；淡水涡虫生活在池塘、溪流的石块下；陆生涡虫大多为夜行性，栖息在落叶或腐木等阴湿处。涡虫体表具纤毛，摆动时积水呈涡状。大多行有性生殖，所有物种皆为雌雄同体。
Quick Facts 涡虫纲, 科学分类 ...
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| 贝氏伪角扁虫（Pseudobiceros bedfordi）
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| 界：
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动物界 Animalia
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| 演化支：
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肾管动物 Nephrozoa
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| 演化支：
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原口动物 Protostomia
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| 演化支：
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螺旋动物 Spiralia
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| 演化支：
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吮食动物 Rouphozoa
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| 门：
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扁形动物门 Platyhelminthes
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| 纲：
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涡虫纲 Turbellaria
Ehrenberg, 1831
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- 无肠目 Acoela（现属无腔动物）
- 链涡虫目 Catenulida
- 单咽涡虫目 Haplopharyngida
- 卵黄皮目 Lecithoepitheliata
- 大口涡虫目 Macrostomida
- 纽涡虫目 Nemertodermatida（现属无腔动物）
- 新棒肠目 Neorhabdocoela
- 多歧肠目 Polycladida
- 原卵黄目 Prolecithophora
- 原顺列目 Proseriata
- 三歧肠目 Tricladida
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涡虫纲传统上包括所有扁形动物门之下的非寄生物种。但根据分子生物学证据，涡虫类已被证实为并系群，原来属于寄生物种的三个纲（吸虫纲、单殖纲和绦虫纲）都是涡虫类物种的直系分支，加上涡虫纲内有两个目独立成另一门，较新的文献已不再使用本分类。
大多数一般人接触最多的涡虫类物种都属于三歧肠目。2008年以后的研究确认了：无肠目和纽涡虫目其实并不属于扁形动物，而是属于独立的无腔动物；而链涡虫目的物种亦较早与其他扁形动物门的物种分化。这两个分类群在较新的文献已不再被认为是涡虫类物种。然而在医学寄生虫学，基本上仍然沿用旧有的分类。
以下为传统的涡虫纲下属分类，可分为11个目：
- 无肠目 Acoela（现属无腔动物）
- 链涡虫目 Catenulida
- 单咽涡虫目 Haplopharyngida
- 卵黄皮目 Lecithoepitheliata
- 大口涡虫目 Macrostomida
- 纽涡虫目 Nemertodermatida（现属无腔动物）
- 多歧肠目 Polycladida
- 原卵黄目 Prolecithophora
- 原顺列目 Proseriata
- 棒肠目 Rhabdocoela
- 三歧肠目 Tricladida
| 扁形动物门
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被杆体亚门
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大口涡虫亚纲
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Trepaxonemata
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肥间质类
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| Gnosonesimora
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Gnosonesimida
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外黄卵类
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棒肠目
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Kalyptorhynchia
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Dalytyphloplanida
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原顺列目
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无中心体类
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有暗体类
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裂肠新皮类
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| Bothrioplanata
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裂肠涡虫目
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新皮总纲
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| (寄生种)
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本纲包括以下目：[1]
- 目的地位未定的科：
- Amyellidae
- Anocellidae
- Anonymidae
- Apidioplanidae
- Boniniidae
- Callioplanidae
- Candimboididae
- Catenulidae
- Cestoplanidae
- Chordariidae
- Chromoplanidae
- Crassicolidae
- Cryptocelidae
- Dicteroidae
- Didangiidae
- Didymorchidae
- Diphosthiidae
- Diposthidae
- Discocelididae
- Discoprosthididae
- Ditremageniidae
- Enantiidae
- Euplanidae
- Euryleptidae
- Euryleptididae
- Faubelidae
- Gnesiocerotidae
- Haplopharyngidae
- Hoploplanidae
- Ilyplanidae
- Koinocystidae
- Laidlawiidae
- Latocestidae
- Leptoplanidae
- Limnostylochidae
- Macrostomidae
- Mucroplanidae
- Notoplanidae
- Opisthogeniidae
- Palauidae
- Pericelidae
- Phaenocelidae
- Planoceridae
- Plehniidae
- Pleioplanidae
- Polyposthiidae
- Prosthiostomidae
- Pseudocerotidae
- Pseudostylochidae
- Pterastricolidae
- Retronectidae
- Myoretronectes Noreña-Janssen & Faubel, 1996
- Paracatenula Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes atypica Doe & Rieger, 1977
- Retronectes clio Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes euterpe Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes hyacinthe[2]
- Retronectes melpomene Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes sterreri Faubel, 1976
- Retronectes terpsichore Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Retronectes thalia Sterrer & Rieger, 1974
- Stenostomidae
- Stylochidae
- Cryptostylochus Faubel, 1983
- Distylochus Faubel, 1983
- Imogine Marcus & Marcus, 1968
- Kataria Faubel, 1983
- Katariana
- Leptostylochus Bock, 1925
- Mirostylochus Kato, 1937
- Pseudidioplana Prudhoe, 1989
- Stylochopsis Stimpson, 1857
- Stylochus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Stylochus alexandrinus Steinböck, 1937
- Stylochus aomori (Kato, 1937)
- Stylochus arenosus (Willey, 1897)
- Stylochus argus Czerniavsky, 1881
- Stylochus atentaculatus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus bermudensis Verrill, 1902
- Stylochus californicus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus castaneus Palombi, 1939
- Stylochus catus (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1958)
- Stylochus ceylanicus (Laidlaw, 1904)
- Stylochus cinereus Willey, 1897
- Stylochus conglomeratus (Stimpson, 1857)
- Stylochus crassus Verrill, 1892
- Stylochus djiboutiensis Meixner, 1907
- Stylochus ellipticus (Girard, 1850)
- Stylochus exiguus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus fafai (Marquina, Fernández-Álvarez & Noreña, 2015)
- Stylochus ferox Bock, 1925
- Stylochus flevensis Hofker, 1930
- Stylochus franciscanus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus frontalis Verrill, 1893
- Stylochus (Distylochus) fundae Cuadrado, Rodriguez, Moro, Grande & Noreña, 2021
- Stylochus hamanensis Kato, 1944
- Stylochus hyalinus Bock, 1913
- Stylochus ijimai Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918
- Stylochus inimicus[3]
- Stylochus insolitus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus (Distylochus) isifer (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1955)
- Stylochus izuensis Kato, 1944
- Stylochus kimae (Jennings & Newman, 1996)
- Stylochus lateotentare (Lee, Beal & Johnston, 2005)
- Stylochus lesteri (Jennings & Newman, 1996)
- Stylochus limosus (Stimpson, 1857)
- Stylochus luteus (Muller J., 1854)
- Stylochus marmoreus Bock, 1925
- Stylochus (Distylochus) martae (Marcus, 1947)
- Stylochus matatasi Newman, Cannon & Govan, 1993
- Stylochus mcgrathi (Jennings & Newman, 1996)
- Stylochus mediterraneus Galleni, 1976
- Stylochus megalops (Schmarda, 1859)
- Stylochus meganae (Jennings & Newman, 1996)
- Stylochus meixneri Bock, 1925
- Stylochus melihertani (Bulnes, 2010)
- Stylochus meridianus Prudhoe, 1989
- Stylochus minimus Palombi, 1940
- Stylochus mistus Ramos-Sánchez, Carrasco-Rodríguez, Garcí-Madrigal & Bastida-Zavala, 2020
- Stylochus miyadii Kato, 1944
- Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
- Stylochus nebulosus (Girard, 1853)
- Stylochus necopinata (Sluys, Faubel, Rajagopal & van der Velde, 2005)
- Stylochus oculifera (Girard, 1853)
- Stylochus orientalis Bock, 1913
- Stylochus pardalotus (Jennings & Newman, 1996)
- Stylochus pilidium (Goette, 1881)
- Stylochus pillidum (Goette, 1881)
- Stylochus plessisii Lang, 1884
- Stylochus pulcher Hyman, 1939
- Stylochus (Distylochus) pusillus (Bock, 1913)
- Stylochus pygmaeus Merory & Newman, 2005
- Stylochus qeshmensis (Maghsoudlou & Momtazi, 2014)
- Stylochus refertus Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1965
- Stylochus rutilis Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918
- Stylochus salis Cuadrado, Rodriguez, Moro, Grande & Noreña, 2021
- Stylochus salmoneus Meixner, 1907
- Stylochus sixteni (Marcus, 1947)
- Stylochus speciosus (Kato, 1937)
- Stylochus stellae (Marquina, Osca, Rodriguez, Fernandez-Despiau & Norena, 2014)
- Stylochus stellatus Jennings & Newman, 1996
- Stylochus suesensis Ehrenberg, 1831
- Stylochus tauricus Jacubowa, 1909
- Stylochus ticus Marcus, 1952
- Stylochus tripartitus Hyman, 1953
- Stylochus uniporus Kato, 1944
- Stylochus vesiculatus Jakubova, 1909
- Stylochus vigilax Laidlaw, 1904
- Stylochus zanzibaricus Laidlaw, 1903
- Stylochus zebra (Verrill, 1882)
- Stylochocestidae
- Stylochoididae
- Stylochoplanidae
- Taenioplanidae
- Theamatidae
- Theama Marcus, 1949
- Theama evelinae Marcus, 1949
- Theama forrestensis Bulnes & Faubel, 2003
- Theama mediterranea Curini-Galletti, Campus & Delogu, 2008[4]
- Theama occidua Sopott-Ehlers & Schmidt, 1975
- Tyrrheniellidae
- 目和科的地位未定的属：
- Adenoperta Antonius, 1968
- Aorchis Barker & Parsons, 1915
- Apoxenetes Ax, 1971
- Asoleina Hyman, 1959
- Boemigia Sabussow, 1902
- Brabbinthes Allison, 1975
- Bubaloceras Matjašic, 1958
- Candimba Marcus, 1949
- Caspiodendrocoelum Dyganova, 1976
- Catenula Leblond, 1837
- Celidotis Diesing, 1862
- Centrostomum Diesing, 1862
- Cephalolepta Diesing, 1850
- Conoceros Lang, 1884
- Coronhelmis Purasjoki, 1945
- Darwinia Pereyaslawzewa, 1892
- Dicelis Schmarda, 1859
- Dicotylus Grube, 1872
- Diplonchus Stimpson, 1857
- Diporoplana Kohler, 1933
- Discoprpsthides Faubel, 1983
- Disorus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Elasmodes Le Conte, 1851
- Eukalyptorhynchia Meixner, 1928
- Eumicrostomum Diesing, 1850
- Euophthalmia Costa, 1882
- Eustomum Leidy, 1851
- Euvortex Sekera, 1906
- Extremodera Pigulevsky, 1952
- Fridmaniella Timoshkin & Zabrovskaya, 1985
- Gasterotrichula Graff, 1912
- Genneoceros Diesing, 1861
- Geopaludicolia Komárek, 1920
- Glossostoma Le Conte, 1851
- Gnosonesimilia Westblad, 1953
- Graffia Levinsen, 1879
- Graffilla Korotneff, 1912
- Heterostylochus Verrill, 1893
- Homaloceraeus Schmarda, 1859
- Itapis Marcus, 1952
- Kleinenbergia Graff, 1912
- Nautiloplana Stimpson, 1857
- Neocryptocelis Prudhoe, 1989
- Neoplana Girard, 1893
- Oligocelis Stimpson, 1857
- Oligoclada Pearse, 1938
- Orthostoma Ehrenberg, 1828
- Orthostomum Schmidt, 1852
- Palana Faubel, 1983
- Paradiscocelis Prudhoe, 1989
- Parapseudoceros Prudhoe, 1989
- Pararhynehella Ehlers & Ehlers, 1981
- Penula Kelaart, 1858
- Planoceroides Palombi, 1936
- Platamonia Busch, 1851
- Platydendron Simonetta & Delle-Cave, 1978
- Pocillophynchus Brunet, 1973
- Polyporus Plehn, 1897
- Preminoma Karling, 1967
- Proantroporus Mamkaev, 1967
- Proaphanostomum An-der-Lan, 1936
- Procotylus Korotneff, 1908
- Promesostum Busquet, 1899
- Rhodoplana Vayssière, 1906
- Smigrostoma Örsted, 1845
- Sphyrocephalus Schmarda, 1859
- Tangarao Marcus, 1952
- Telostoma Örsted, 1843
- Tetracolylus Korotneff, 1912
- Tetracotylus Korotneff, 1912
- Thalattoplana Bock, 1925
- Trachyplana Stimpson, 1857
- Tricelis Ehrenberg, 1831
- Typhlolepta Ørsted, 1843
- Woodshollia Graff, 1912
- Xaropoa Frölich, 1954
涡虫主要吃小的水生动物、动物尸体及动物内脏。寄生的吸收动物或植物体内的营养。
大部分涡虫的长度小于1cm，但热带的陆生种类长度可达120cm。
多为黑色，体前端有两个可感光的眼体，两侧对称。吻位于身体的三分之二处，且无肛门。有背、腹之分。
Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste, Alana Closs, Tyrel Froese & Brian S. Leander (2023) Molecular phylogenetic position of a rare and enigmatic meiofaunal flatworm from the Pacific Ocean: Retronectes hyacinthe sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Catenulida), Systematics and Biodiversity, 21:1, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2023.2221236
Prof. Arturo Palombi (1931) Stylochus inimicus sp. nov. Policlade acotileo commensale di Ostrea virginica Gmelin delle Coste della Florida, Bollettino di zoologia, 2:1, 219-226, DOI: 10.1080/11250003109434873
M. Curini‐Galletti , P. Campus & V. Delogu (2008) Theama mediterranea sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida), the first interstitial polyclad from the Mediterranean, Italian Journal of Zoology, 75:1, 77-83, DOI: 10.1080/11250000701690525
