海蜘蛛,是海蜘蛛纲的总称,因形似蜘蛛,故名。

Quick Facts 科学分类, 科 ...
海蜘蛛目
化石时期:晚寒武世至现代
海蜘蛛
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 海蜘蛛纲 Pycnogonida
Latreille, 1810
目: 海蜘蛛目 Pantopoda

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特征

  • 头胸部前端有口,上面有4个小隆起,上面有单眼;
  • 腹部不发达,为一小突起;
  • 头胸部有4对长足,末端有钩爪,前方有一对小螯肢
  • 具有增节变态的发育模式。

下属分类

本科包括以下属:

  • 砂海蛛科 Ammotheidae
    • Achelia Hodge, 1864
    • Acheliana Arnaud, 1971
    • 砂海蛛属 Ammothea Leach, 1814
    • Ammothella Verrill, 1900
    • Austroraptus Hodgson, 1907
    • Cilunculus Loman, 1908
    • Dromedopycnon Child, 1982
    • Elassorhis Child, 1982
    • Hannonia Hoek, 1881
    • Hedgpethius Child, 1974
    • Hemichela Stock, 1954
    • Megarhethus Child, 1982
    • Megarhetus
    • Neotrygaeus Munilla & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2014
    • Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884
    • Oorhynchus Hoek, 1881
    • Paranymphon Caullery, 1896
    • Pariboea Philippi, 1843
    • Pasithoe Goodsir, 1842
    • Proboehmia Stock, 1991
    • Prototrygaeus Stock, 1975
    • Scipiolus Loman, 1908
    • Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969
    • Tanystylum Miers, 1879
    • Teratonotum Sabroux, Corbari, Krapp, Bonillo, Le Prieur & Hassanin, 2017
  • Ammothoidae
  • Ascorhynchidae
  • 澳海蛛科 Austrodecidae
  • 美海蛛科 Callipallenidae
  • 巨吻海蛛科 Colossendeidae
  • 吻海蛛科 Endeidae
  • 有丝海蛛科 Nymphonidae
  • Pallenopsidae
  • 裸脚海蜘蛛科 Phoxichilidiidae ,尖海蛛科
  • 海蛛科 Pycnogonidae
  • Rhynchothoracidae
科的地位未定的属:
  • Alcinous Costa, 1861
  • Alcynous Costa, 1861
  • Astridium Dana, 1849
  • Bango Bamber, 2004
  • Benthocryptus Jarzynsky, 1870
  • Chonothea Nakamura & Child, 1983
  • Decachela Hilton, 1939
  • Dechachela Hilton, 1939
  • Ephyrogymna Hedgpeth, 1943
  • Flagellopantopus Poschmann & Dunlop, 2005
  • Foxichilus Costa, 1836
  • Fragilia Loman, 1908
  • Gnamptorhynchus Böhm, 1879
  • Mimipallene Child, 1982
  • Oiceobathes Hesse, 1867
  • Oiceobathys Hesse, 1867
  • Oomerus Hesse, 1874
  • Palaeonymphon Léon, 1933
  • Palaeothea Bergstrom, Sturmer & Winter, 1980
  • Parachelia Czerniavsky, 1861
  • Paralcinous Schimkewitsch, 1906
  • Paritoca Philippi, 1842
  • Pentapalacopycon
  • Pentapalaeopycnon Hedgpeth, 1978
  • Pephredo Goodsir, 1841
  • Pephredro Goodsir, 1842
  • Phanodemus Costa, 1836
  • Phoxichilus Wagner, 1854
  • Phoxychilis Berthold, 1827
  • Platychelus Costa, 1861
  • Polygonopus Pallas, 1766
  • Polygotum Baster, 1765
  • Pycnothea Loman, 1921
  • Rigona Loman, 1908
  • Scaeorhynchus Wilson, 1881

习性

海蜘蛛一般栖息于海滨,匍匐于海藻上面或岩石下,会携带和保护刚产下的卵。通常什么事情都不做


演化历史

在Hunsrück Slate发现了Palaeoisopus problematicus。生存于泥盆纪,足展可以达到40厘米,第一步足粗壮有力而且前端带有一个小爪子,可能是捕食性的凶猛种类。

参考文献

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