在热力学与化学工程学中,气液平衡(英语:vapor–liquid equilibrium;缩写为VLE)描述某一化学物质于气液两相中的分布情形。
若液体与气体皆为纯物质,即仅由单一物质所组成而不存在杂质,则两相间的平衡状态可以下列方程表示之:
- ;
- ;且
其中,及分别为气液两相的压力;及分别为气液两相的温度;而及分别为气液两相的摩尔吉布斯自由能[1]。也就是说,当两相达平衡时,其温度、压力和摩尔吉布斯自由能皆相等。
等价地,热力学上常以逸度的概念来表达气液平衡状态,并可以下列方程表示之:
其中,及分别为在系统温度Ts及压力Ps下的气液两相之逸度[2]。以逸度进行计算是更为方便的,由于液体的逸度近似上是与压力无关的[3],并经常以“逸度系数”(若为理想气体,其值为1)来计算。
|
- 范·拉尔方程
- 马尔古莱斯活性度模型
- 渗透汽化
- 过冷
- 过热蒸汽
|
- Distillation Principals by Ming T. Tham, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (scroll down to Relative Volatility)
- Introduction to Distillation: Vapor Liquid Equilibria
- VLE Thermodynamics (Chemical Engineering Dept., Prof. Richard Rowley, Brigham Young University)
- NIST Standard Reference Database 103b (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (Describes the extensive VLE database available from NIST)
- Some VLE data sets and diagrams for mixtures of 30 common components (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), a small subset of the Dortmund Data Bank
- Where can I get the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium data? (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Reference to the various phase equilibrium data sources
- George Schlowsky, Alan Erickson, and Thomas A. Schafer, Modular Process Systems, Inc., Operations & Maintenance - Generating your own VLE Data, Chemical Engineering, March 1995, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Balzhiser et al. (1972), Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, p. 215.
Balzhiser et al. (1972), Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, p. 216.
Balzhiser et al. (1972), Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, p. 218.