杀菌灯是一种能产生短波紫外线的电灯[1]。杀菌灯产生的短波紫外线会破坏DNA碱基配对，从而形成嘧啶二聚体，并导致细菌、病毒和原生动物失活。杀菌灯还可以产生臭氧从而进行水消毒。
杀菌灯共有四种常见类型：
- 低压汞灯
- 高压汞灯
- 准分子灯
- 发光二极管
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