石栎属（学名：Lithocarpus），又称柯属，是壳斗科（山毛榉科）中的一个属，在雄性穗型上与栎属不同。《World Checklist》收录了属下334个种，其他文献建议至少还有另外的100种。大约有100种之前被认为是Pasania属。虽然有提出了通用名stone oak[谁？]，但是所有的这些东亚及东南亚的物种都没有一个广泛使用的英语俗名。
在北美洲，有一种被称为tanoak（或tanbark oak）的树木原先被归为石栎属，但在其后的研究中显示此种物种与石栎属其他的亚洲物种遗传关系十分遥远，后被归类至伪石栎属（Notholithocarpus）。[1]
石栎属是常绿乔木，叶互生，全缘或具齿。种子与橡树的橡子相似，但拥有非常坚固的木质坚果壳。因此属名是由希腊语lithos（石） + carpos（种子）组成。某些物种的果核可以使用（如日本石柯），但某些果核因鞣酸（单宁酸，C76H52O46）呈苦味，不可食用。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[2]
- 愉柯 Lithocarpus amoenus
- 杏叶柯 Lithocarpus amygdalifolius
- 向阳柯 Lithocarpus apricus
- 小箱柯 Lithocarpus arcaula
- 槟榔柯 Lithocarpus areca
- 尖叶柯 Lithocarpus attenuatus
- 茸果柯 Lithocarpus bacgiangensis
- 猴面柯 Lithocarpus balansae
- 帽柯 Lithocarpus bonnetii
- 短穗柯 Lithocarpus brachystachyus
- 短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus
- 美苞柯 Lithocarpus calolepis
- 美叶柯 Lithocarpus calophyllus
- 红心柯 Lithocarpus carolineae
- 尾叶柯 Lithocarpus caudatilimbus
- 粤北柯 Lithocarpus chifui
- 琼中柯 Lithocarpus chiungchungensis
- 金毛柯 Lithocarpus chrysocomus
- 炉灰柯 Lithocarpus cinereus
- 包果柯 Lithocarpus cleistocarpus
- 格林柯 Lithocarpus collettii
- 窄叶柯 Lithocarpus confinis
- 烟斗柯 Lithocarpus corneus
- 白穗柯 Lithocarpus craibianus
- 硬叶柯 Lithocarpus crassifolius
- 闭壳柯 Lithocarpus cryptocarpus
- 风兜柯 Lithocarpus cucullatus
- 鱼蓝柯 Lithocarpus cyrtocarpus
- 大湖柯 Lithocarpus dahuensis H.X.Su, Miao Zhang & B.Hua Chen
- 大苗山柯 Lithocarpus damiaoshanicus
- 白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus
- 柳叶柯 Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius
- 防城柯 Lithocarpus ducampii
- 壶壳柯 Lithocarpus echinophorus
- 刺壳柯 Lithocarpus echinotholus
- Lithocarpus eiadthongii Sinbumr., Rueangr. & Sungkaew[3]
- 胡颓子叶柯 Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius
- 厚斗柯 Lithocarpus elizabethiae
- 万宁柯 Lithocarpus elmerrillii
- 枇杷叶柯 Lithocarpus eriobotryoides
- 川柯 Lithocarpus fangii
- 易武柯 Lithocarpus farinulentus
- 泥柯 Lithocarpus fenestratus
- 红柯 Lithocarpus fenzelianus
- 卷毛柯 Lithocarpus floccosus
- 勐海柯 Lithocarpus fohaiensis
- 密脉柯 Lithocarpus fordianus
- 台湾柯 Lithocarpus formosanus
- 高黎贡柯 Lithocarpus gaoligongensis
- 望楼柯 Lithocarpus garrettianus
- 柯 Lithocarpus glaber
- Lithocarpus glaucus
- 耳叶柯 Lithocarpus grandifolius
- 假鱼蓝柯 Lithocarpus gymnocarpus
- 菴耳柯 Lithocarpus haipinii
- 硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei
- 瘤果柯 Lithocarpus handelianus
- 港柯 Lithocarpus harlandii
- 灰柯 Lithocarpus henryi
- 梨果柯 Lithocarpus howii
- 灰背叶柯 Lithocarpus hypoglaucus
- 广南柯 Lithocarpus irwinii
- 鼠刺叶柯 Lithocarpus iteaphyllus
- 挺叶柯 Lithocarpus ithyphyllus
- 盈江柯 Lithocarpus jenkinsii
- 齿叶柯 Lithocarpus kawakamii
- 油叶柯 Lithocarpus konishii
- 屏边柯 Lithocarpus laetus
- 老挝柯 Lithocarpus laoticus
- 鬼石柯 Lithocarpus lepidocarpus
- 白枝柯 Lithocarpus leucodermis
- 滑壳柯 Lithocarpus levis
- 木姜叶柯 Lithocarpus litseifolius
- 谊柯 Lithocarpus listeri
- 龙眼柯 Lithocarpus longanoides
- 柄果柯 Lithocarpus longipedicellatus
- 龙州柯 Lithocarpus longzhouicus
- 香菌柯 Lithocarpus lycoperdon
- 粉叶柯 Lithocarpus macilentus
- 黑家柯 Lithocarpus magneinii
- 光叶柯 Lithocarpus mairei
- 大叶柯 Lithocarpus megalophyllus
- 澜沧柯 Lithocarpus mekongensis
- 黑柯 Lithocarpus melanochromus
- 缅宁柯 Lithocarpus mianningensis
- 小果柯 Lithocarpus microspermus
- 水仙柯 Lithocarpus naiadarum
- 南投柯 Lithocarpus nantoensis
- 光果柯 Lithocarpus nitidinux
- 峨眉柯 Lithocarpus oblanceolatus
- 墨脱柯 Lithocarpus obscurus C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang, 1978
- 卵叶柯 Lithocarpus obovatilimbus Chun, 1947
- 榄叶柯 Lithocarpus oleifolius A.Camus, 1948
- Lithocarpus orbicarpus Strijk[4]
- 大叶苦柯 Lithocarpus paihengii
- 厚鳞柯 Lithocarpus pachylepis
- 厚叶柯 Lithocarpus pachyphyllus
- 滇南柯 Lithocarpus pakhaensis
- 圆锥柯 Lithocarpus paniculatus
- 石柯 Lithocarpus pasania
- 星毛柯 Lithocarpus petelotii
- 三柄果柯 Lithocarpus propinquus
- 单果柯 Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardtii
- 桂南柯 Lithocarpus phansipanensis
- 多穗柯 Lithocarpus polystachyus
- 毛果柯 Lithocarpus pseudovestitus
- 假西藏柯 Lithocarpus pseudoxizangensis
- 钦州柯 Lithocarpus qinzhouicus
- 栎叶柯 Lithocarpus quercifolius
- 毛枝柯 Lithocarpus rhabdostachyus
- 南川柯 Lithocarpus rosthornii
- 浸水营柯 Lithocarpus shinsuiensis
- 犁耙柯 Lithocarpus silvicolarum
- 滑皮柯 Lithocarpus skanianus
- 球壳柯 Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus
- 平头柯 Lithocarpus tabularis
- 菱果柯 Lithocarpus taitoensis
- 石屏柯 Lithocarpus talangensis
- 薄叶柯 Lithocarpus tenuilimbus
- 灰壳柯 Lithocarpus tephrocarpus
- 潞西柯 Lithocarpus thomsonii
- 糙果柯 Lithocarpus trachycarpus
- 棱果柯 Lithocarpus triqueter
- 截果柯 Lithocarpus truncatus
- 壶嘴柯 Lithocarpus tubulosus
- 紫玉盘柯 Lithocarpus uvariifolius
- 麻子壳柯 Lithocarpus variolosus
- 西藏柯 Lithocarpus xizangensis
- 木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus
- 阳春柯 Lithocarpus yangchunensis
- 永福柯 Lithocarpus yongfuensis
参考文献
外部链接
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