最简方案(Minimalist Program, MP)又称最简纲领[1]、极简主义或微言主义,是语言学中诸多语法理论之一。由麻省理工大学教授乔姆斯基提出,旨在强调语言的机制应当精简,在汉语语言学学界的应用仍处于探索阶段。[2]
理论架构
乔姆斯基的最简方案属于其句法理论最后阶段之(修正后)扩充式标准理论时期(REST)[3],其下再分数个领域[4][5]:
- a确认句首head:
- b预测句首:TRT&SF选择属性:
- b1塞塔角色&塞塔基准:
- b2未分配塞塔角色:
- b3选属SF辞表LR:
- b4艾斯选属SSF:
- c触发合并TMыFC属性确认:
- 4a第一并:补项
- 4b第二并:限项
- 4c附加词Adjunction
- 4d动片架/动组构V-PhS
- 4e标杠论XBT
- W5.成分统/c统制
- 5a定义关系
- 5b反身绑定RB
- 5c负反极项NPI
- W6双宾/双及物di-transitives
- 6a三歧预测
- 6b三进or二进分支
- 6c二进制替代
- 6d使役&小v
- 6e链接linking
- 6f系统建置
- W7a已句首
- 7a1论式
- 7a2经验性证据EE
- 7a3交互语证据CLE
- 7b时标记TM(要动mV、助A)
- 7c句首迁移HM
(否定、A2T、V2T、AňS)
- 7d做持DoSupport
(属性、缀否定AN、缀时AT、时链TC)
- W8a主语迁移S-mov
(量缕QS、虚式构EC)
- 8b[格 (语法)|格位]论与扩投式CaseT&EPP
(主语、宾语属配局限、主语动词呼应)
- 8c非宾格主语UnAccusativeS
(Ne附着化、通行期格/希伯来语)
- 8d被动、副词、词序移位WO-mov
- 如用于元音和谐
主要领域区分
X bar theory is one of the core frameworks in minimalist program. Some Chinese scholars like professozrs from Peking University, Beijing Language and Culture University, Taiwan Tsinghua University, etc. Some scholars like C.T.James Huang, Lisa Cheng, Tsai Weitian, etc.
(主要规则[8])
- 1.1 [VP [V'[PP] [AdvP]]]
- 1.2 [V'[V[VP] [[NP][PP][PP][S']][AdjP]]]
- 1.3 [PP [AdvP] [P']]
- 1.4 [P' [P] [NP]]
- 1.5 [NP [?[NP][QP]]N’]
- 1.6 [N' [?[AdjP][N']][?[N][PP*][(S’)]]
- 1.7 [QP Q’]
- 1.8 [Q’ Q]
- 1.9 [AdjP [Deg*][Adj']]
- 1.10 [Adj' [?[Adj][PP*]](?)]
- 1.11 [AdvP [Deg*][Adv']]
- 1.12 [Adv' Adv]
- 1.13 [S [NP] [VP]]
- 1.14 [S' [Comp] [S]]
- (一)格位分布
- 动管(VG)名组(NP)取宾格(+[Acc])
- 介管(PG)名组(NP)取宾格(+{Acc])
- 名志(N-specifier)取属格(+[Geni])
- 带时屈志(Infl/tense-specifier)取主格(+[Nom])
- (二)格位检验
- (三)例外格ECM结构
多重特征核查[9]
影响
参见
参考文献
- Chomsky, Noam (1995) The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262531283
注释
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