长臂虾科（学名：Palaemonidae）是十足目真虾下目长臂虾总科的一个科，以下有两个亚科：长臂虾亚科（Palaemoninae）和隐虾亚科（Pontoniinae）。当中长臂虾亚科的成员都是肉食者，以较小的无脊椎动物为食，除了深海以外，几乎在所有水体均有发现。当中最重要的品种要数沼虾属（Macrobrachium），因为它包括多种极具商业价值的物种，例如：淡水长臂大虾（M. rosenbergii）。隐虾亚科的物种则栖居于珊瑚礁中，与许多无脊椎动物有互利共生、寄生或片利共生的关系，包括海绵、刺胞动物门[1]、软体动物门及棘皮动物门。本科物种包括日常在水体内为其他鱼类吃掉其身上的寄生物和其他共生物的清洁虾；虽然多半以碎屑为食，但也有少部分物种为肉食性并以猎食小动物维生。
长臂虾科 化石时期：
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|---|---|
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| 佩德森清洁虾（Ancylomenes pedersoni） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 亚门： | 甲壳亚门 Crustacea |
| 纲： | 软甲纲 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亚目： | 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 真虾下目 Caridea |
| 总科： | 长臂虾总科 Palaemonoidea |
| 科： | 长臂虾科 Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
| 亚科 | |
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| 异名 | |
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分类
长臂虾亚科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815
- †Alburnia Bravi & Garassino, 1998
- Arachnochium Wowor & Ng, 2010
- †Bechleja Houša, 1957
- †Beurlenia Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
- Brachycarpus Spence Bate, 1888
- Coutierella Sollaud, 1914
- Creaseria Holthuis, 1950
- Cryphiops Dana, 1852
- 白虾属 Exopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
- Leander E. Desmarest, 1849
- Leandrites Holthuis, 1950
- Leptocarpus Holthuis, 1950
- 沼虾属 Macrobrachium Bate, 1868
- †Micropsalis von Meyer, 1859
- Nematopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
- Neopalaemon Hobbs, 1973
- 长臂虾属 Palaemon Weber, 1795
- 小长臂虾属 Palaemonetes Heller, 1869
- †Propalaemon Woodward, 1903
- †Pseudocaridinella Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
- Pseudopalaemon Sollaud, 1911
- Rhopalaemon Ashelby & De Grave, 2010
- †Schmelingia Schweigert, 2002
- Tenuipedium Wowor & Ng, 2010
- Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979
- Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949
- Troglomexicanus Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999
- 尾瘦虾属 Urocaridella Borradaile, 1915
- †Yongjiacaris Garassino, Shen, Schram & Taylor, 2002
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Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1879
- Allopontonia Bruce, 1972
- Altopontonia Bruce, 1990
- Amphipontonia Bruce, 1991
- Anapontonia Bruce, 1966
- Anchiopontonia Bruce, 1992
- Anchistus Borradaile, 1898
- Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2010
- Anisomenaeus Bruce, 2010
- Apopontonia Bruce, 1976
- Araiopontonia Fujino & Miyake, 1970
- Ascidonia Fransen, 2002
- Balssia Kemp, 1922
- Blepharocaris Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2007
- Brucecaris Marin & Chan, 2006
- Bruceonia Fransen, 2002
- Cainonia Bruce, 2005
- Carinopontonia Bruce, 1988
- Chacella Bruce, 1986
- Chernocaris Johnson, 1967
- Climeniperaeus Bruce, 1995
- Colemonia Bruce, 2005
- Conchodytes Peters, 1852
- Coralliocaris Stimpson, 1860
- Coutierea Nobili, 1901
- Crinotonia Marin, 2006
- Ctenopontonia Bruce, 1979
- Cuapetes Clark, 1919
- Cuapetes agag (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes akiensis (Kubo, 1936)
- Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878)
- Cuapetes amymone (De Man, 1902)
- Cuapetes anacanthus (Bruce, 1988)
- Cuapetes andamanensis (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes calmani (Tattersall, 1921)
- Cuapetes canariensis Fransen, Schubart & Moro, 2022
- Cuapetes darwiniensis (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes demani (Kemp, 1915)
- Cuapetes edwardsii (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes elegans (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes ensifrons (Dana, 1852)
- Cuapetes grandis (Stimpson, 1860)
- Cuapetes johnsoni (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes kororensis (Bruce, 1977)
- Cuapetes lacertae (Bruce, 1992)
- Cuapetes lanceolatus Okuno & Chan, 2012
- Cuapetes longirostris (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915)[6]
- Cuapetes paulsoni (Bruce, 2003)
- Cuapetes platycheles (Holthuis, 1952)
- Cuapetes purushothamani Jose, Ajith Kumar & Jayachandran, 2023
- Cuapetes rapanui (Fransen, 1987)
- Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes suvadivensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes takedai Okuno, 2012
- Cuapetes tenuipes (Borradaile, 1898)
- Cuapetes uncinatus Bruce, 2012
- Cuapetes ungujaensis (Bruce, 1969)
- Cuapetes yapiensis Bruce, 2013
- Dactylonia Fransen, 2002[7]
- Dactylonia anachoreta (Kemp, 1922)
- Dactylonia ascidicola (Borradaile, 1898)
- Dactylonia borradalei Bruce, 2005
- Dactylonia carinicula Bruce, 2006
- Dactylonia franseni Bruce, 2003
- Dactylonia holthuisi Fransen, 2002
- Dactylonia monnioti (Bruce, 1990)
- Dactylonia okai (Kemp, 1922)
- Dasella Lebour, 1945
- Dasycaris Kemp, 1922
- Diapontonia Bruce, 1986
- Epipontonia Bruce, 1977
- Eupontonia Bruce, 1971
- Exoclimenella Bruce, 1995
- Exopontonia Bruce, 1988
- Fennera Holthuis, 1951
- Hamiger Borradaile, 1916
- Hamodactyloides Fujino, 1973
- 钩指虾属 Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952
- Hamopontonia Bruce, 1970
- Harpiliopsis Borradaile, 1917
- Harpilius Dana, 1852
- Holthuisaeus Anker & De Grave, 2010
- Ischnopontonia Bruce, 1966
- Isopontonia Bruce, 1982
- Izucaris Okuno, 1999
- Jocaste Holthuis, 1952
- Laomenes Clark, 1919
- Leptomenaeus Bruce, 2007
- Lipkebe Chace, 1969
- Lipkemenes Bruce & Okuno, 2010
- Manipontonia Bruce, Okuno & Li, 2005
- Margitonia Bruce, 2007
- Mesopontonia Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia scorpio Duris & C.-W.Lin, 2016[8]
- Miopontonia Bruce, 1985
- Miopontonia yongei Bruce, 1985
- Neoanchistus Bruce, 1975
- Neoclimenes Mitsuhashi, Li & Chan, 2010
- Neopericlimenes Heard, Spotte & Bubucis, 1993
- Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951
- Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997
- Nippontonia ashmoreiensis Bruce, 2014
- Nippontonia ashmoriensis
- Nippontonia christellae Fransen, 2013[9]
- Nippontonia minirostris Bruce & Bauer, 1997
- Notopontonia Bruce, 1991
- Notopontonia platycheles Bruce, 1991
- Odontonia Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia bagginsi de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia compacta (Bruce, 1996)
- Odontonia katoi (Kubo, 1940)
- Odontonia kerangcaris Fransen, Groenhof & Gier, 2021[10]
- Odontonia plurellicola de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia rufopunctata Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia seychellensis Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia sibogae (Bruce, 1972)
- Odontonia simplicipes (Bruce, 1996)
- Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981
- Onycocaridites Bruce, 1987
- Onycocaris Nobili, 1904
- Onycomenes Bruce, 2009
- Orthopontonia Bruce, 1982
- 拟长臂虾属 Palaemonella Dana, 1852
- Paraclimenaeus Bruce, 1988
- Paraclimenes Bruce, 1995
- Paranchistus Holthuis, 1952
- Paratypton Balss, 1914
- Patonia Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2006
- 小岩虾属 Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915
- Periclimenella Bruce, 1995
- 岩虾属 Periclimenes O. G. Costa, 1844
- Periclimenoides Bruce, 1990
- Philarius Holthuis, 1952
- Phycomenes Bruce, 2008
- Pinnotheronia Marin & Paulay, 2010
- Platycaris Holthuis, 1952
- Platypontonia Bruce, 1968
- Platypontonia brevirostris (Miers, 1884)
- Platypontonia hyotis Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1971
- Platypontonia ngae Fransen, 2024[11]
- Plesiomenaeus Bruce, 2009
- Plesiomenaeus poorei Bruce, 2009
- Plesiopontonia Bruce, 1985
- Plesiopontonia monodi Bruce, 1985
- Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973
- Pontonia Latreille, 1829
- Pontonides Borradaile, 1917
- Pontoniopsides Bruce, 2005
- Pontoniopsis Borradaile, 1915
- Poripontonia Fransen, 2003
- Propontonia Bruce, 1969
- Pseudoclimenes Bruce, 2008
- Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951
- Pseudopontonia Bruce, 1992
- Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986
- Pseudoveleronia Marin, 2008
- Rapipontonia Marin, 2007
- Rostronia Fransen, 2002
- Sandimenes Li, 2009
- Sandyella Marin, 2009
- 盖隐虾属 Stegopontonia Nobili, 1906
- Tectopontonia Bruce, 1973
- Thaumastocaris Kemp, 1922
- Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965
- Typton O. G. Costa, 1844
- Typtonoides Bruce, 2010
- Typtonychus Bruce, 1996
- Unguicaris Marin & Chan, 2006
- Urocaris Stimpson, 1860
- Veleronia Holthuis, 1951
- Veleroniopsis Gore, 1981
- Vir Holthuis, 1952
- Waldola Holthuis, 1951
- Yemenicaris Bruce, 1997
- Zenopontonia Bruce, 1975[12]
- Zenopontonia noverca (Kemp, 1922)
- 帝王虾 Zenopontonia rex (Kemp, 1922)，同模异名：Periclimenes rex Kemp, 1922
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参考资料
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