《忧郁的解剖》（英语：The Anatomy of Melancholy；全称：The Anatomy of Melancholy, What it is: With all the Kinds, Causes, Symptomes, Prognostickes, and Several Cures of it. In Three Maine Partitions with their several Sections, Members, and Subsections. Philosophically, Medicinally, Historically, Opened and Cut Up）一书是由在牛津大学里牧师兼学者的罗伯特·伯顿撰写 ，于1621年首次出版。
 | 此条目翻译品质不佳。 (2019年1月31日) |
概述
作者罗伯特伯顿，自称小德谟克利特，是牛津大学学监。他研究范围及其广泛，几乎涵盖人的整个命运。柏顿本人饱受躁狂抑郁症（双向抑郁症）折磨，于是开始着手收集，整理，分析，研究以及诊断，治疗躁狂抑郁症。
这本书从封面外表来看，不过就是一本探讨忧郁症的医学教科书（其中还包括现在被称为的临床抑郁症）。虽然作为一个医生介绍的文字，《忧郁的解剖》其实是一本相当特殊的文学作品，因为其内容以哲学和科学居多，往往超越该书探讨的主题。而且此书所谓的“忧郁”和“解剖”其实是用忧郁的笔调来剖析人类所有情感和思想表达方式。
罗伯特伯顿把这本书的序言就写的带有讽刺的意味，伯顿的人物德谟克利特少年解释说：“我写的是繁忙的忧郁，以避免忧郁。‘剖析’是一个范围广泛的文件，其中载有离题和评论。无论其强项，医疗文本或作为一个历史文件，它是解剖的巨大广度-解决话题，如消化，小妖精，地理美洲等 和声音特色，特别是它的作者是最普遍提及其崇拜者为主要来源的吸引力。 ”
出版
伯顿的一生中将《忧郁的解剖》修定和扩充了五次，并经常再版，最近的一次再版是在2001年依据1932年出版的版本重印。此次再版（2001年）和伯顿首次出版年分1621年相差380年。
内容简介
伯顿定义他的主题如下：
Melancholy, the subject of our present discourse, is either in disposition or in habit. In disposition, is that transitory Melancholy which goes and comes upon every small occasion of sorrow, need, sickness, trouble, fear, grief, passion, or perturbation of the mind, any manner of care, discontent, or thought, which causes anguish, dulness, heaviness and vexation of spirit, any ways opposite to pleasure, mirth, joy, delight, causing frowardness in us, or a dislike. In which equivocal and improper sense, we call him melancholy, that is dull, sad, sour, lumpish, ill-disposed, solitary, any way moved, or displeased. And from these melancholy dispositions no man living is free, no Stoick, none so wise, none so happy, none so patient, so generous, so godly, so divine, that can vindicate himself; so well-composed, but more or less, some time or other, he feels the smart of it. Melancholy in this sense is the character of Mortality. . . . This Melancholy of which we are to treat, is a habit, a serious ailment, a settled humour, as Aurelianus and others call it, not errant, but fixed: and as it was long increasing, so, now being (pleasant or painful) grown to a habit, it will hardly be removed.
《忧郁的解剖》是一个特别长的书，第一版是四开量近900页，后来的版本甚至更长。该文本共分为三个主要部分，另外还有ㄧ序言，序言整个写出伯顿的广阔的风格。
崇拜者
此书从首刷到现在累积了不少赞同伯顿理念的崇拜者，从古到今的崇拜者有：塞缪尔·约翰逊、劳伦斯·斯特恩、查尔斯·兰姆、约翰·济慈、菲利浦·普尔曼、豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯和塞缪尔·贝克特等。
参考文献
延伸阅读
- William Monahan. Remedial Reading: William Monahan on The Anatomy of Melancholy, by Robert Burton, introduction by William H. Gass. Bookforum. Fall 2001 [22 April 2010]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-12）. The introduction by author William H. Gass runs just under 10 pages.
外部链接
- The 1638 edition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on Google Books
- The Anatomy of Melancholy - 古腾堡计划
- The Anatomy of Melancholy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Online reading and multiple ebook formats at Ex-classics
- The Anatomy of Melancholy at Making of America
- The Anatomy of Melancholy at PsyPlexus
- The Anatomy of Melancholy at Internet Archive – scan of 1896 edition
- The Anatomy of Melancholy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Librivox audio recording (public domain)
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