彭伯寿是彭祖的后裔,出自大彭氏,夏启时师相。彭伯寿出掌军旅之任,入朝辅佐朝政。启平定伯益和有扈氏叛乱,建立夏朝。之后,夏启日益骄奢淫逸,统治集团内部又发生矛盾,夏启父子矛盾严重,将其幼子武观放逐到西河地区。夏启十五年(约前2055年),武观在西河(今山西、陕西之间黄河南段地区)率领西河一些部族发动叛乱。夏启为镇压叛乱,巩固王权,调动大军,任命彭伯寿被为师,出兵平乱。夏军一举击败西河部军,控制了西河地区,武观战败投降,启命武观率部东迁至海滨。
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