平板俯冲

平板俯冲（英语：flat slab subduction）的特点是俯冲角度有两个折点，在浅処的震源层(seismogenic layer)与其他俯冲板块相同，但在震源层之外的俯冲角较小（与水平面小于 30 度），并且在远离海沟的地方恢复正常俯冲角度^[1]。平板俯冲与在墨西哥西部的下部板块浅倾斜不同。平板俯冲可导致软流圈的尖灭、弧形岩浆作用向内陆迁移以及导致弧形岩浆作用的最终停止^[2]。平板与被俯冲的上板之间的耦合被认为，是造成上板表面的变形改变方式，如同落基山脉一样，是由基底核心隆起造成的^[2]^[3].平板还可能导致大陆岩石圈下部的水化^[2]，形成经济意义矿床^[4]。在俯冲过程中，平板本身可能会变形或屈曲，从而导致平板上的海洋沉积物出现沉积间断^[5]。平板俯冲的停止和弧形火山活动的反向迁移有关^[2]。关于平板俯冲成因有多种假设，由于较厚（15-20 公里）并有浮力的的洋壳俯冲^[6],或由于海沟的退滚并伴随着上板块的快速超越的，以至于增强的海沟吸力^[7]。南美洲西海岸有两个最大的平板俯冲带^[2]。平板俯冲占全球俯冲带的10%^[3]。

参考文献

[1]
Kumar, Abhash; Wagner, Lara S.; Beck, Susan L.; Long, Maureen D.; Zandt, George; Young, Bissett; Tavera, Hernando; Minaya, Estella (2016-05-01). "Seismicity and state of stress in the central and southern Peruvian flat slab". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 441: 71–80. Bibcode:2016E&PSL.441...71K. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.023
[2]
Humphreys, Eugene; Hessler, Erin; Dueker, Kenneth; Farmer, G. Lang; Erslev, Eric; Atwater, Tanya (2003-07-01). "How Laramide-Age Hydration of North American Lithosphere by the Farallon Slab Controlled Subsequent Activity in the Western United States". International Geology Review. 45 (7): 575–595. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.45.7.575. ISSN 0020-6814.
[3]
Gutscher, Marc-André; Spakman, Wim; Bijwaard, Harmen; Engdahl, E. Robert (2000-10-01). "Geodynamics of flat subduction: Seismicity and tomographic constraints from the Andean margin". Tectonics. 19 (5): 814–833. Bibcode:2000Tecto..19..814G. doi:10.1029/1999TC001152. ISSN 1944-9194.
[4]
Rosenbaum, Gideon; Giles, David; Saxon, Mark; Betts, Peter G.; Weinberg, Roberto F.; Duboz, Cecile (2005-10-30). "Subduction of the Nazca Ridge and the Inca Plateau: Insights into the formation of ore deposits in Peru". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 239 (1–2): 18–32. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.239...18R. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.08.003.
[5]
Li, Yong-Xiang; Zhao, Xixi; Jovane, Luigi; Petronotis, Katerina E.; Gong, Zheng; Xie, Siyi (2015-12-01). "Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Costa Rican subduction zone: New results from sedimentary successions of IODP drill sites from the Cocos Ridge". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 16 (12): 4479–4493. doi:10.1002/2015GC006058. ISSN 1525-2027.
[6]
Antonijevic, Sanja Knezevic; Wagner, Lara S.; Kumar, Abhash; Beck, Susan L.; Long, Maureen D.; Zandt, George; Tavera, Hernando; Condori, Cristobal (2015-08-13). "The role of ridges in the formation and longevity of flat slabs". Nature. 524 (7564): 212–215. doi:10.1038/nature14648. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26268192
[7]
Manea, Vlad C.; Pérez-Gussinyé, Marta; Manea, Marina (2012-01-01). "Chilean flat slab subduction controlled by overriding plate thickness and trench rollback". Geology. 40 (1): 35–38. doi:10.1130/G32543.1. ISSN 0091-7613.

[”Kumar”-1] [1]
Kumar, Abhash; Wagner, Lara S.; Beck, Susan L.; Long, Maureen D.; Zandt, George; Young, Bissett; Tavera, Hernando; Minaya, Estella (2016-05-01). "Seismicity and state of stress in the central and southern Peruvian flat slab". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 441: 71–80. Bibcode:2016E&PSL.441...71K. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.023

[”Humphreys”-2] [2]
Humphreys, Eugene; Hessler, Erin; Dueker, Kenneth; Farmer, G. Lang; Erslev, Eric; Atwater, Tanya (2003-07-01). "How Laramide-Age Hydration of North American Lithosphere by the Farallon Slab Controlled Subsequent Activity in the Western United States". International Geology Review. 45 (7): 575–595. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.45.7.575. ISSN 0020-6814.

[”-3] [3]
Gutscher, Marc-André; Spakman, Wim; Bijwaard, Harmen; Engdahl, E. Robert (2000-10-01). "Geodynamics of flat subduction: Seismicity and tomographic constraints from the Andean margin". Tectonics. 19 (5): 814–833. Bibcode:2000Tecto..19..814G. doi:10.1029/1999TC001152. ISSN 1944-9194.

[”Rose”-4] [4]
Rosenbaum, Gideon; Giles, David; Saxon, Mark; Betts, Peter G.; Weinberg, Roberto F.; Duboz, Cecile (2005-10-30). "Subduction of the Nazca Ridge and the Inca Plateau: Insights into the formation of ore deposits in Peru". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 239 (1–2): 18–32. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.239...18R. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.08.003.

[”Li,”-5] [5]
Li, Yong-Xiang; Zhao, Xixi; Jovane, Luigi; Petronotis, Katerina E.; Gong, Zheng; Xie, Siyi (2015-12-01). "Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Costa Rican subduction zone: New results from sedimentary successions of IODP drill sites from the Cocos Ridge". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 16 (12): 4479–4493. doi:10.1002/2015GC006058. ISSN 1525-2027.

[”Anton”-6] [6]
Antonijevic, Sanja Knezevic; Wagner, Lara S.; Kumar, Abhash; Beck, Susan L.; Long, Maureen D.; Zandt, George; Tavera, Hernando; Condori, Cristobal (2015-08-13). "The role of ridges in the formation and longevity of flat slabs". Nature. 524 (7564): 212–215. doi:10.1038/nature14648. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26268192

[”Man”-7] [7]
Manea, Vlad C.; Pérez-Gussinyé, Marta; Manea, Marina (2012-01-01). "Chilean flat slab subduction controlled by overriding plate thickness and trench rollback". Geology. 40 (1): 35–38. doi:10.1130/G32543.1. ISSN 0091-7613.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]