帆锯鳐属

帆锯鳐属（属名：Onchopristis，意为“（牙齿）有倒钩的锯鳐”）是生存于白垩纪后期的大型淡水鳐^[9]，化石发现于北非、北美与新西兰。其外形与现生的锯鳐科相近，吻部细长，牙齿着生于吻测，但两者并非近亲，且锯鳐科的牙侧光滑无凸起，而帆锯鳐的牙齿在似釉质冠（enameloid cap）以后的区域具有一至五个倒钩^[1][10]。

帆锯鳐属 化石时期：阿尔布阶至马斯特里赫特阶 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
努米底亚帆锯鳐的牙齿化石
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目：	鳐目 Rajiformes
科：	†硬尖犁头鳐科 Sclerorhynchidae
属：	†帆锯鳐属 Onchopristis Stromer, 1917
模式种
努米底亚帆锯鳐 Onchopristis numida Haug（英语：Émile Haug）, 1905
种
努米底亚帆锯鳐 O. numida Haug, 1905 邓氏帆锯鳐 O. dunklei McNulty & Slaugter, 1962
异名[1]
属异名 Platyspondylus Haug, 1905 Onychopristis Jordan, 1923 (lapsus calami（英语：Lapsus#Types of lapsus）)[2] Peyeria Weiler, 1935[3] Sechmetia Werner, 1989[4] Onchopristes Kirkland, 1996 (lapsus calami)[5] Ochopristis Hunt, Santucci, & Kenworthy, 2006 (lapsus calami)[6] 种异名 努米底亚帆锯鳐 O. numida Gigantichthys numidus Haug, 1905 Platyspondylus foureaui Haug, 1905 Squatina aegyptiaca Stromer, 1927[7] Sechmetia aegyptiaca (Stromer, 1927) Peyeria libyca Weiler, 1935 邓氏帆锯鳐 O. dunklei Onchopristis dunklei praecursor Thurmond, 1971[8] Sechmetia cruciformis Werner, 1989

也有文献将其归入帆锯鳐科 （Onchopristidae Villalobos-Segura, Kriwet, Vullo, Stumpf, Ward, & Underwood, 2021^[11]）

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[12]

• 努米底亚帆锯鳐 Onchopristis numida Haug, 1905
• 邓氏帆锯鳐 Onchopristis dunklei McNulty & Slaughter, 1962

描述

努米底亚帆锯鳐复原图

帆锯鳐属（下）及当时与其共存的大型腔棘鱼体型比较

帆锯鳐属的牙齿与其他锯鳐的比较（红色为努米底亚帆锯鳐，绿色为邓氏帆锯鳐）

吻突长约2.5米（8.2英尺），外部有带刺的牙齿。在两种帆锯鳐中，努米底亚帆锯鳐的每颗牙齿都有一个倒钩，但在邓氏帆锯鳐的每颗牙齿上有两到五个倒钩。^[1]它们可以长到5-6米长。^[13]

古生态学

和现代锯鳐一样，帆锯鳐的眼睛位于头顶，用于发现捕食者而不是猎物，它的嘴和鳃都在它的身体下侧。^[14]它们的吻部很可能会有电感受器来检测它们下面的水中的食物，就像现代的鲨鱼一样。帆锯鳐可能会穿过河床寻找然后吃掉猎物。^[14]

大众文化

帆锯鳐在《Jurassic World™：游戏》 中作为可收集角色登场。

在《恐龙星球》的电视节目中，帆锯鳐被认为是棘龙的主要食物。

参考资料

1. Keyes, I. W. Records of the northern hemisphere Cretaceous Sawfish genus Onchopristis (order batoidea) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1977, 20 (2): 263–272. ISSN 0028-8306. doi:10.1080/00288306.1977.10420706.
2. Jordan, D.S. A classification of fishes, including families and genera as far known.. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences. 1923, 3 (2): 77–243. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.161386 .
3. Weiler, W. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 16. Neue Untersuchungen an den Fischresten (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1935, 32: 1–57.
4. Werner, C. Die Elasmobranchier-Fauna des Gebel Dist Member der Bahariya Formation (Obercenoman) der Oase Bahariya, Ägypten. Palaeo Ichthyologica. 1989, 5: 1–112.
5. Kirkland, J.I. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 1996, 9: 1–131.
6. Hunt, R.K.; Santucci, V.L.; Kenworthy, J. A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 34: 63–69.
7. Stromer, E. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 9. Die Plagiostomen mit einem Anhang über käno- und mesozoische Rückenflossenstacheln von Elasmobranchiern (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1927, 31 (5): 1–64.
8. Thurmond, J.T. Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas (PDF). Southeastern Geology. 1971, 13 (4): 207–227.
9. Martill, D. M.; Ibrahim, N. Aberrant rostral teeth of the sawfish Onchopristis numidus from the Kem Kem beds (?early Late Cretaceous) of Morocco and a reappraisal of Onchopristis in New Zealand. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2012, 64: 71–76. ISSN 1464-343X. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.009.
10. Cuny, G.; Suteethorn, V.; Khansubha, S. A sclerorhynchoid (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii) in the lower cretaceous of Thailand?. Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (编). Fossil Record 4. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 67. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2015: 15–18 [2021-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-29）.
11. Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166.
12. Onchopristis Stromer, 1918. GBIF. [2023-03-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-12）.
13. This huge ancient sawfish had harpoons on its face. [2021-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-14）.
14. Scott, C. Planet Dinosaur: The Next Generation of Killer Giants. Firefly Books. 2012: 72–73. ISBN 978-1-77085-049-1.

• Dutheil, D.B., Brito, P.M., 2009. Articulated cranium of Onchopristis numidus (Sclerorhynchidae, Elasmobranchii) from the Kem Kem Beds, Morocco. In: Jalil, N.-E. (Ed.), 1st International Congress on North African Vertebrate Palaeontology, Program & Abstracts, Marrakech, 25–27 May 2009, p. 66.
• Haug, E. Paléontologie. Documents Scientifiques de la mission saharienne (mission Foureau-Lamy). Publications de la Société de Géographie, p. 751-832