奥地亚语即乌荼语（/əˈdiːə/，ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā，先前惯称奥里亚语 /ɒˈriːə/)）是印度的24种官方语言之一，主要在奥迪沙邦使用。由于劳工迁移的关系，在印度西部的古吉拉特邦也很流行。奥地亚语属印欧语系印度语族的东部分支。使用人口约2,000万。奥地亚语和阿萨姆语及孟加拉语是近亲语。它的标准语形成于15世纪。由于奥迪沙地处偏僻，较晚为外族所征服，所以奥地亚语受外来语（波斯语和英语）的影响不大，而较多保留了本族语的特点。
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标记
母音字
| ଅ | ଆ | ଇ | ଈ | ଉ | ଊ | ଋ | ୠ | ଌ | ୡ | ଏ | ଐ | ଓ | ଔ |
| a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | r̥ | r̥̄ | l̥ | l̥̄ | e | ai | o | au |
| [ɔ] | [aː] | [i] | [iː] | [u] | [uː] | [ru] | [ruː] | [lu] | [luː] | [eː] | [ɔi̯] | [ɔ] | [ɔu̯] |
子音字
| କ | ଖ | ଗ | ଘ | ଙ | ଚ | ଛ | ଜ | ଝ | ଞ | ଟ | ଠ | ଡ |
| ka | kha | ga | gha | ṅa | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ṭa | ṭha | ḍa |
| [kɔ] | [kʰɔ] | [ɡɔ] | [ɡʱɔ] | [ŋɔ] | [tʃɔ] | [tʃʰɔ] | [dʒɔ] | [dʒʱɔ] | [ɲɔ] | [ʈɔ] | [ʈʱɔ] | [ɖɔ] |
| ଢ | ଡ଼ | ଢ଼ | ଣ | ତ | ଥ | ଦ | ଧ | ନ | ପ | ଫ | ବ | ଵ |
| ḍha | ṛa | ṛha | ṇa | ta | tha | da | dha | na | pa | pha | ba | va |
| [ɖʱɔ] | [ɽɔ] | [ɽʱɔ] | [ɳɔ] | [t̪ɔ] | [t̪ʰɔ] | [d̪ɔ] | [d̪ʱɔ] | [nɔ] | [pɔ] | [pʰɔ] | [bɔ] | 空 |
| ଭ | ମ | ଯ | ୟ | ର | ଲ | ଳ | ୱ | ଶ | ଷ | ସ | ହ | |
| bha | ma | ya | ẏa | ra | ḷa | la | va | śa | ṣa | sa | ha | |
| [bʱɔ] | [mɔ] | [dʒɔ] | [jɔ] | [rɔ] | [ɭɔ] | [lɔ] | [wɔ] | [sɔ] | [sɔ] | [sɔ] | [hɔ] |
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音系
奥里亚语有 28 个辅音音位和 6 个元音音位。
| 前 | 后 | |
|---|---|---|
| 高 | i | u |
| 中 | e | o |
| 低 | a | ɔ |
| 唇音 | 齿音 | 齿龈音 | 卷舌音 | 硬腭音 | 软腭音 | 声门音 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鼻音 | m | n | ɳ | ||||
| 清塞音 | p pʰ |
t̪ t̪ʰ |
ʈ ʈʰ |
ʧ ʧʰ |
k kʰ |
||
| 浊塞音 | b bʱ |
d̪ d̪ʱ |
ɖ ɖʱ |
ʤ ʤʱ |
ɡ ɡʱ |
||
| 清擦音 | s | h | |||||
| 流音 | l, r | ɭ |
参考文献
外部链接
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