DE 944900 "Verfahren zur Trennung bzw. zum getrennten Nachweis von Ionen verschiedener spezifischer Ladung", W. Paul and H. Steinwedel, filed on December 24, 1953, priority December 23, 1953
J. Walz; S. B. Ross; C. Zimmermann; L. Ricci; M. Prevedelli; T. W. Hansch. Confinement of electrons and ions in a combined trap with the potential for antihydrogen production. Hyperfine Interactions. 1996, 100: 133. Bibcode:1996HyInt.100..133W. doi:10.1007/BF02059938.
人物传记
W. Paul Electromagnetic Traps for Charged and Neutral Particles Taken from Proceedings of the International School of Physics <<Enrico Fermi>> Course CXVIII “Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions”, (North Holland, New York, 1992) p. 497-517
R.I. Thompson, T.J. Harmon, and M.G. Ball, The rotating-saddle trap: a mechanical analogy to RF-electric-quadrupole ion trapping? (Canadian Journal of Physics, 2002: 80 12) p. 1433–1448
M. Welling, H.A. Schuessler, R.I. Thompson, H. Walther Ion/Molecule Reactions, Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy in a Linear Ion Trap (International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 1998: 172) p. 95-114.
G. Werth. Charged Particle Traps: Physics and Techniques of Charged Particle Field Confinement (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics). Berlin: Springer. 2005. ISBN 3-540-22043-7. OCLC 231588573.
John Gillaspy. Trapping Highly Charged Ions: Fundamentals and Applications. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers. 2001. ISBN 1-56072-725-X. OCLC 42009394.
Todd, John F. J.; March, Raymond E. Practical aspects of ion trap mass spectrometry - Volume I: Fundamentals of Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 1995. ISBN 0-8493-4452-2. OCLC 32346425.
Todd, John F. J.; March, Raymond E. Practical aspects of ion trap mass spectrometry, Vol. 3. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 1995. ISBN 0-8493-8251-3. OCLC 32346425.
Hughes, Richard M.; March, Raymond E.; Todd, John F. J. Quadrupole storage mass spectrometry. New York: Wiley. 1989. ISBN 0-471-85794-7. OCLC 18290778.
DE 944900 "Verfahren zur Trennung bzw. zum getrennten Nachweis von Ionen verschiedener spezifischer Ladung", W. Paul and H. Steinwedel, filed on December 24, 1953, priority December 23, 1953
GB 773689 "Improved arrangements for separating or separately detecting charged particles of different specific charges", W. Paul, claims priority of a German application filed on December 23, 1953
US 2939952 "Apparatus for separating charged particles of different specific charges", W. Paul and H. Steinwedel, claims priority of a German application filed on December 23, 1953