古杯蛇属

古杯蛇属; 化石时期：白垩纪 - 始新世, 70.6–33.9 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	古杯蛇（P. maghrebianus）的脊椎骨化石，发现于摩洛哥胡里卜盖
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	†古杯蛇科 Palaeophiidae
亚科：	†古杯蛇亚科 Palaeopheinae
属：	†古杯蛇属 Palaeophis; Owen, 1841
模式种
	†Palaeophis toliapicus; Owen, 1841
种
	种 †Palaeophis africanus Andrews 1924 ; †Palaeophis casei Holman 1982 ; †Palaeophis colossaeus Rage 1983 ; †Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov 1997 ; †Palaeophis grandis Marsh 1869 ; †Palaeophis halidanus Cope 1868 ; †Palaeophis littoralis Cope 1847 ; †Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg 1952 ; †Palaeophis nessovi Averianov 1997 ; †Palaeophis tamdy Averianov 1997 ; †Palaeophis toliapicus Owen 1841(type) ; †Palaeophis typhaeus Owen 1850 ; †Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai & Head 2008 ; †Palaeophis virginianus Lynn 1934 ;

古杯蛇属（学名：Palaeophis）为古杯蛇科（英语：Palaeophiidae）的已灭绝模式属，为水生或半水生的海蛇。生存年代为白垩纪至始新世时期（约7,060~3,390万年前）^[1]，化石发现于英国、法国、丹麦^[2]、摩洛哥^[3]、马利^[4]、美国马里兰州、维吉尼亚州（始新世早期的纳杰莫利组）^[5]、乔治亚州^[6]及密西西比州^[7]。

事实速览 科学分类, 模式种 ...

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描述

古杯蛇属物种的体型差异极大，体型最小的Palaeophis casei身长仅1.3米（4.3英尺），而Palaeophis colossaeus，虽然目前仅发现个别的脊椎骨，是本属体型最大的物种，体长可超过9米（29.5英尺）^[4]，为目前已知体型最大的蛇之一。不过大部分的古杯蛇属物种都没有这么巨大的体型^[8]^[9]。

生物学

古杯蛇主要发现于海洋与河口地层，推测为水生动物^[7]，不同种的古杯蛇可能占据有不同的生态位。

研究显示古杯蛇的脊椎骨具有大量的血管分布，代表牠们具有较现代蛇更高的代谢率及生长速率。且代表古杯蛇和其他海生爬虫类（例如沧龙）一样呈内温性^[3]。

参考文献

[1]
Fossilworks. [2021-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-28）.
[2]
Kristensen, Hans Viborg; Cuny, Gilles; Rasmussen, Arne Redsted; Madsen, Henrik. Earliest record of the fossil snake Palaeophis from the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in Denmark. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 2012-12-01, 183 (6) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1777-5817. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.621. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
[3]
Houssaye, Alexandra; Rage, Jean-Claude; Bardet, Nathalie; Vincent, Peggy; Amaghzaz, Mbarek; Meslouh, Said. New highlights about the enigmatic marine snake Palaeophis maghrebianus (Palaeophiidae; Palaeophiinae) from the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) phosphates of Morocco: NEW HIGHLIGHTS ABOUT PALAEOPHIS MAGHREBIANUS. Palaeontology. 2013-05, 56 (3) [2022-11-23]. doi:10.1111/pala.12008. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）（英语）.
[4]
RAGE, JC; RAPP, PIVETEAU J. PALAEOPHIS COLOSSAEUS NOV. SP. (LE PLUS GRAND SERPENT CONNU.) DE L'EOCENE DU MALI ET LE PROBLEME DU GENRE CHEZ LES PALAEOPHEINAE. PALAEOPHIS COLOSSAEUS NOV. SP. (LE PLUS GRAND SERPENT CONNU.) DE L'EOCENE DU MALI ET LE PROBLEME DU GENRE CHEZ LES PALAEOPHEINAE. 1983 [2022-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
[5]
Blake, S. F. Note on a vertebra of Palaeophis from the Eocene of Maryland. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 1941, 31 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0043-0439. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
[6]
Parmley, Dennis, and Harold W. Reed. "Size and age class estimates of North American Eocene palaeopheid snakes." Georgia Journal of Science 61.4 (2003): 220.
[7]
Holman, J. Alan. "Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2.2 (1982): 163-166.
[8]
Holman, J. Alan. Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1982, 2 (2): 163–166. JSTOR 4522892. doi:10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927.
[9]
Rage, Jean-Claude; et al. Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas (Editions scientifiques du Muséum, Paris, France). 2003, 25 (4): 695–716 [12 May 2010]. ISSN 1280-9659.

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[aa-1] [1]
Fossilworks. [2021-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-28）.

[Kristensen_etal_2012-2] [2]
Kristensen, Hans Viborg; Cuny, Gilles; Rasmussen, Arne Redsted; Madsen, Henrik. Earliest record of the fossil snake Palaeophis from the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in Denmark. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 2012-12-01, 183 (6) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1777-5817. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.621. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

[HoussayeEtAl2013-3] [3]
Houssaye, Alexandra; Rage, Jean-Claude; Bardet, Nathalie; Vincent, Peggy; Amaghzaz, Mbarek; Meslouh, Said. New highlights about the enigmatic marine snake Palaeophis maghrebianus (Palaeophiidae; Palaeophiinae) from the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) phosphates of Morocco: NEW HIGHLIGHTS ABOUT PALAEOPHIS MAGHREBIANUS. Palaeontology. 2013-05, 56 (3) [2022-11-23]. doi:10.1111/pala.12008. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）（英语）.

[Rage1983-4] [4]
RAGE, JC; RAPP, PIVETEAU J. PALAEOPHIS COLOSSAEUS NOV. SP. (LE PLUS GRAND SERPENT CONNU.) DE L'EOCENE DU MALI ET LE PROBLEME DU GENRE CHEZ LES PALAEOPHEINAE. PALAEOPHIS COLOSSAEUS NOV. SP. (LE PLUS GRAND SERPENT CONNU.) DE L'EOCENE DU MALI ET LE PROBLEME DU GENRE CHEZ LES PALAEOPHEINAE. 1983 [2022-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.

[blake-5] [5]
Blake, S. F. Note on a vertebra of Palaeophis from the Eocene of Maryland. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 1941, 31 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0043-0439. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.

[PR-6] [6]
Parmley, Dennis, and Harold W. Reed. "Size and age class estimates of North American Eocene palaeopheid snakes." Georgia Journal of Science 61.4 (2003): 220.

[holman-7] [7]
Holman, J. Alan. "Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2.2 (1982): 163-166.

[8] [8]
Holman, J. Alan. Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1982, 2 (2): 163–166. JSTOR 4522892. doi:10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927.

[9] [9]
Rage, Jean-Claude; et al. Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas (Editions scientifiques du Muséum, Paris, France). 2003, 25 (4): 695–716 [12 May 2010]. ISSN 1280-9659.

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