1700年西班牙的哈布斯堡王朝的最后一位国王卡洛斯二世去世,没有子女后代,群臣胁迫卡洛斯二世在遗嘱里传位于其姐和法国国王路易十四 的次孙菲利普 (Felipe de Anjou),引来奥地利的哈布斯堡王朝不满,认为应由奥地利哈布斯堡王朝的查理大公爵(即后来的皇帝查理六世)继承西班牙王位,因此,和当时反对法国王室入主西班牙王位的英国、荷兰、葡萄牙、神圣罗马帝国等结盟,与支持法国王室的西班牙、巴伐利亚等宣战,西班牙王位继承战争因此而起。
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