俄诺玛俄斯

俄诺玛俄斯（希腊语：Οινόμαος）是古希腊神话中的比萨（英语：Pisa, Greece）王，^[1]那伊阿得斯哈珀娜（英语：Harpina）^[2]或普勒阿得斯斯忒洛珀^[3]（有时也被认为是俄诺玛俄斯的配偶）^[4]和战神阿瑞斯之子，希波达弥亚之父。除去斯忒洛珀的可能性之外，他的妻子也可能是阿尔戈斯的Evarete（阿克里西俄斯和欧律狄刻之女）。另外达那俄斯之女Eurythoe也被认为是他的母亲^[5]或配偶。^[6]除去希波达弥亚，他的孩子还有留基伯（因爱恋达佛涅而死）和阿尔卡珀。鲍桑尼亚认为俄诺玛俄斯的父亲不可能是神而是人类。^[7]欧里庇得斯著作《在陶里斯的伊菲革涅亚》中的谱系证据显示，俄诺玛俄斯是特洛伊战争的前二代之人，是亚崔迪、阿伽门农和墨涅拉俄斯的祖父。

珀罗普斯与俄诺玛俄斯之死

珀罗普斯想要娶俄诺玛俄斯之女希波达弥亚为妻，但是俄诺玛俄斯曾经得到一个预言：他将会被自己的女婿杀死，为了阻止这一事情发生，他通过战车赛杀死了13个来向希波达弥亚求婚的人，并将他们的头颅钉在宫殿的木柱上。^[8]为了娶到希波达弥亚，珀罗普斯决定与俄诺玛俄斯比赛。为了保证不失败，珀罗普斯向波塞冬求助，后者交给他一辆飞马拉的战车。^[9]珀罗普斯和希波达弥亚换掉了俄诺玛俄斯车轮上的车轴，因此俄诺玛俄斯因翻车被缰绳缠住，而被马拖死了。俄诺玛俄斯的车夫弥尔提洛斯幸存，但最终为珀罗普斯所杀。

弥尔提洛斯死前对珀罗普斯下了诅咒，导致后者的许多后代如阿特柔斯、梯厄斯忒斯、阿伽门农、墨涅拉俄斯和俄瑞斯忒斯都不得善终。同时弥尔提洛斯位于奥林匹亚的墓地也被认为是一个不祥之处。俄诺玛俄斯的战车赛被认为是古代奥林匹克运动会的起源之一，并产生了一些厄利斯传说。^[10]

参考资料

[1]
In the ancient territory of Pisa lay Olympia.
[2]
Theoi Project: Harpina （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
[3]
Hyginus, Fabula 84 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars and Asterope, daughter of Atlas"), Fabula 250 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars by Asterie, daughter of Atlas").
[4]
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3. 110 - 111; Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 21; he was depicted on the pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia with Sterope, whom Pausanias also took for his wife: "On the right of Zeus Oinomaos with a helmet on his head, and by him Sterope his wife, who was one of the daughters of Atlas."
[5]
Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 752
[6]
Tzetzes on Lycophron, 157
[7]
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5. 1. 6
[8]
The story of Pelops' chariot race is told by Nestor to Menelaus, in Quintus Smyrnaeus's continuation of the Iliad (IV.527-34).
[9]
Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 2.27.67 (noted in Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:64).
[10]
Eric L. Brulotte, "The "Pillar of Oinomaos" and the Location of Stadium I at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 98.1 (January 1994), pp. 53-64,

参考书目

Pindar, Olympian Ode, I (476 BCE)
Sophocles, (1) Electra, 504 (430 - 415 BCE) & (2) Oenomaus, Fr. 433 (408 BCE)
Euripides, Orestes, 1024-1062 (408 BCE)
Bibliotheca, Epitome 2, 1-9 (140 BCE)
Diodorus Siculus, Histories, 4.73 (1st c. BCE)
Hyginus, Fables, 84: Oinomaus; Poetic Astronomy, ii (1st c. CE)
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5.1.3 - 7; 5.13.1; 6.21.9; 8.14.10 - 11 (ca. 160 - 176 CE)
Philostratus the Elder Imagines, I.30: Pelops (170 - 245 CE)
Philostratus the Younger, Imagines, 9: Pelops (ca. 200 - 245 CE)
First Vatican Mythographer, 22: Myrtilus; Atreus et Thyestes
Second Vatican Mythographer, 146: Oenomaus

[1] [1]
In the ancient territory of Pisa lay Olympia.

[2] [2]
Theoi Project: Harpina （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[3] [3]
Hyginus, Fabula 84 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars and Asterope, daughter of Atlas"), Fabula 250 ("Oenomaus, son of Mars by Asterie, daughter of Atlas").

[4] [4]
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3. 110 - 111; Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 21; he was depicted on the pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia with Sterope, whom Pausanias also took for his wife: "On the right of Zeus Oinomaos with a helmet on his head, and by him Sterope his wife, who was one of the daughters of Atlas."

[5] [5]
Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 752

[6] [6]
Tzetzes on Lycophron, 157

[7] [7]
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5. 1. 6

[8] [8]
The story of Pelops' chariot race is told by Nestor to Menelaus, in Quintus Smyrnaeus's continuation of the Iliad (IV.527-34).

[9] [9]
Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 2.27.67 (noted in Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:64).

[10] [10]
Eric L. Brulotte, "The "Pillar of Oinomaos" and the Location of Stadium I at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 98.1 (January 1994), pp. 53-64,

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