伯牙[1],中国春秋时期晋国大夫,伯氏,又作伯雅,[2]琴师,善弹七弦琴,因弹奏《高山流水》与钟子期互为的知音故事而闻名于世,见于《列子·汤问》篇和《吕氏春秋·本味》。[3][4]《荀子·劝学》中则有“伯牙鼓琴而六马仰秣”的记载。[5]据《琴操》和《琴史》等书记载,伯牙曾向成连先生学琴,因而创作琴曲《水仙操》。[6][7]
明朝冯梦龙在《警世通言》中附会其“姓俞,名瑞,字伯牙”,为晋国上大夫,原籍楚国郢都。后人多有采用此说者,如京剧《伯牙碎琴》(又名《马鞍山》、《知音会》)。
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