世界语的作者柴门霍夫以和其他主要欧洲语言比较的方法说明了世界语的读音。世界语有一条规则是“一个字母,一个声音”。但由于用作比较的语言不是完全相同,所以他后来以意大利语作为基准。
由于世界语已用了超过一个世纪,所以世界语已形成了一个语音规法,而且有已被接受的详细发音、[1] 语音组合法[2]和声调语言[3]。
发明
最初的世界语词汇含有24个辅音,11个元音,5 simple和6个双元音。
不常用的塞擦音/d͡z/在世界语的字母中没有一个清楚的字母,但以复合字母dz表示,如edzo(丈夫)。[4]
It has been argued[谁?] that the Esperanto sequences kv, gv are also phonemes, representing the phonemic /kʷ, ɡʷ/ of their Latinate and Germanic sources.
还有六个历史上稳定的双元音:/ai̯/、/oi̯/、/ui̯/、/ei̯/、/au̯/和/eu̯/.
字母和发音
子音 | 元音和双元音 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
字母 | 英语 | IPA |
字母||英语||IPA | ||||
b | b | [b] | a | banana | [a] | ||
c | ts | [t͡s] | e | bet | [e] | ||
ĉ | ch | [t͡ʃ] | i | bit | [i] | ||
d | d | [d] | o | bot | [o] | ||
f | f | [f] | u | boot | [u] | ||
g | go | [ɡ] | |||||
ĝ | giraffe | [d͡ʒ] | aj | bye | [ai̯] | ||
h | h | [h] | aŭ | bough | [au̯] | ||
ĥ | loch | [x] | ej | bay | [ei̯] | ||
j | y | [j] | eŭ | * | [eu̯] | ||
ĵ | pleasure | [ʒ] | oj | boy | [oi̯] | ||
k | k | [k] | uj | phooey | [ui̯] | ||
l | l | [l] | (as one syllable) | ||||
m | m | [m] | *Something similar to eŭ can be heard in exaggerated mimicry – as delivered by such American comedians as Carol Burnett – of the British pronunciation of the word "oh" Ŭ is a consonant in foreign names, | ||||
n | n | [n] | |||||
p | p | [p] | |||||
r | r (rolled) | [r] | |||||
s | s | [s] | |||||
ŝ | sh | [ʃ] | |||||
t | t | [t] | |||||
v | v | [v] | |||||
z | z | [z] |
参考文献
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