XML schema是指各种XML文档（称作schema），用于表示在XML一般规则之外的特定文档的结构与内容的约束。其中被W3C采纳为推荐标准的schema语言是XSD.
XML schema语言的不完全列表:
| 语言 | 缩写 | 版本 | 机构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLiX (markup)(Constraint Language in XML) | CLiX | 2005 | Independent[1] |
| Document Content Description facility for XML, an Resource Description Framework(RDF) framework[2] | DCD | v1.0 (1998) | W3C (Note) |
| Document Definition Markup Language | DDML | v0 (1999) | W3C (Note) |
| Document Structure Description | DSD | 2002, 2005 | BRICS (defunct) |
| 文档类型定义 | DTD | 1986 (SGML) | ISO[3] |
| 2008 (XML) | ISO/IEC[3] | ||
| Namespace Routing Language | NRL | 2003 | Independent[4] |
| Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language | NVDL | 2006 | ISO/IEC[5] |
| OASIS CAM(Content Assembly Mechanism) | CAM | 2007 | OASIS |
| RELAX NG(REgular LAnguage for XML Next Generation) | RELAX NG, RelaxNG | 2001,[6] Compact Syntax (2002)[7] | OASIS |
| v1 (2003), v1 Compact Syntax (2006), v2 (2008) | ISO/IEC[5] | ||
| Schema for Object-Oriented XML | SOX | ? | ? |
| Schematron | N/A | 2006 | ISO/IEC[5] |
| XDR Schema(XML-Data Reduced) | XDR | ? | ? |
| ASN.1 XML Encoding Rules | XER | ? | ? |
| XML Schema | WXS, XSD | 1.0 (2004), 1.1 (2012) | W3C |
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