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联邦州（通常简称为州，省，行政区，地方等）是一个联邦国家的领土和宪法的组成部分。这些州与主权国家有所不同，他们的主权权力部分已经转移到联邦政府^[1]。一个联邦州保持在规定的地域行使行政管辖权，是一种区域政府的形式。

在某些情况下，联邦是两个或两个以上的政治实体联合创建的。政治实体是独立的政治实体，或是境外领土（最常见的是殖民政权）^[2]。在其他情况下，联邦是两个或两个以上的单一制国家组成。^[3]。一旦形成一个联邦，联邦和联邦州之间的关系的规则成为联邦的宪法，不是国际法律的一部分。

在有联邦宪法的国家中，中央政府和州政府事权有一个划分。这些州，省等等自治实体 - 是部分自治，并得到一定程度的宪法保障的自主权，但是事权的划分每一个一个联邦不同 ^[4]。从理论上讲，一个联邦州的立法权力不应该被联邦政府否决，虽然这并非总是如此。但是，联邦和地区自治实体之间的事权的划分，是可以通过修改联邦宪法和州宪法来修改的。

List of constituents by federation

The "federated units" in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it.

More information Federation, Federated units ...

Federation

Federated units

Other units

阿根廷^[5]

23 provinces:

1 autonomous city:

Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

澳大利亚^[6]

6 states:

南澳大利亚州

10 territories:

北领地

圣诞岛

科科斯（基林）群岛

诺福克岛^[7]
Jervis Bay Territory
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australian Antarctic Territory
Coral Sea Islands Territory
Heard Island and McDonald Islands

奥地利^[8]

9 states:

维也纳

上奥地利州

克恩顿州

布尔根兰州

比利时^[9]

3 regions: ^{[Federated states 1]}

Flemish Region

Walloon Region

Brussels-Capital Region

3 communities: ^{[Federated states 2]}

Flemish Community

French Community

German-speaking Community

波黑

2 entities:^[7]

塞族共和国

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦

1 self-governing district:
Brčko (officially condominium of both constituents)

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation with 10 cantons:
Una-Sana · Posavina · Tuzla · Zenica-Doboj · Bosnian Podrinje · Central Bosnia · Herzegovina-Neretva · West Herzegovina · Sarajevo · West Bosnia

巴西^[10]

26 states:

‎Acre

Amapá

Amazonas

Pará

Rondônia

Roraima

Tocantins

Alagoas

Bahia

Ceará

Maranhão

Paraíba

Pernambuco

Piauí

Rio Grande do Norte

Sergipe

Goiás

Mato Grosso

Mato Grosso do Sul

Espírito Santo

Minas Gerais

Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo

Paraná

Rio Grande do Sul

Santa Catarina

1 federal district:

Distrito Federal (Brasília)^{[Federated states 3]}

5,564 municipalities^{[Federated states 4]}^[11]

加拿大^[12]

10 provinces:

卑诗省

纽芬兰与拉布拉多省

3 territories:

科摩罗

3 islands:^[7]

昂儒昂岛

Grande Comore

Mohéli

埃塞俄比亚^[13]

9 regions:
Afar · Amhara · Benishangul-Gumuz · Gambela · Harari · Oromiya · Somali · Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region · Tigray

2 chartered cities:
Addis Ababa · Dire Dawa

德国^[14]

16 states:

巴登-符腾堡

巴伐利亚

柏林

勃兰登堡

不来梅

汉堡

黑森

萨尔兰

萨克森

萨克森-安哈尔特

石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因

图林根

印度^[15]

28 states:
Andhra Pradesh · Arunachal Pradesh · Assam · Bihar · Chhattisgarh · Goa · Gujarat · Haryana · Himachal Pradesh ·

Jammu and Kashmir · Jharkhand · Karnataka · Kerala · Madhya Pradesh · Maharashtra · Manipur · Meghalaya · Mizoram · Nagaland · Orissa · Punjab · Rajasthan · Sikkim · Tamil Nadu · Tripura · Uttar Pradesh · Uttarakhand · West Bengal

7 union territories:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands · Chandigarh · Dadra and Nagar Haveli · Daman and Diu · Lakshadweep · National Capital Territory · Pondicherry

伊拉克^[16]

18 governorates:
Baghdād · Salāh ad-Dīn · Diyālā · Wāsit · Maysān · Al-Basrah · Dhī Qār · Al-Muthannā · Al-Qādisiyyah · Bābil · Karbalā' · An-Najaf · Al-Anbar · Nīnawā · Duhok · Arbīl · Kirkuk (or At-Ta'mim) · As-Sulaymāniyyah

Autonomous region:

伊拉克库尔德斯坦^[7]
(The region overlaps the area of the governorates)

马来西亚^[17]

13 states:

柔佛

吉打

吉兰丹

马六甲

森美兰

彭亨

槟城

霹雳

玻璃市

沙巴

砂拉越

雪兰莪

登嘉楼

3 federal territories:

布城

吉隆坡

纳闽

墨西哥^[18]

31 states:

1 federal district:

‎Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México)

密克罗尼西亚联邦^[19]

4 states:

丘克

科斯雷

波纳佩

雅浦

尼泊尔

14 zones:
Bagmati · Bheri · Dhawalagiri · Gandaki · Janakpur · Karnali · Koshi · Lumbini · Mahakali · Mechi · Narayani · Rapti · Sagarmatha · Seti

尼日利亚^[20]

36 states:
Anambra · Enugu · Akwa Ibom · Adamawa · Abia · Bauchi · Bayelsa · Benue · Borno · Cross River · Delta · Ebonyi · Edo · Ekiti · Gombe · Imo · Jigawa · Kaduna · Kano · Katsina · Kebbi · Kogi · Kwara · Lagos · Nasarawa · Niger State · Ogun · Ondo · Osun · Oyo · Plateau · Rivers · Sokoto · Taraba · Yobe · Zamfara

1 capital territory:
Abuja

巴基斯坦^[21]

4 provinces:

Balochistan ·

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa · Punjab · Sindh

2 autonomous areas:^[7]

Azad Kashmir
Gilgit–Baltistan

2 territories:
Islamabad Capital Territory · Federally Administered Tribal Areas

俄罗斯^[22]^[23]

21 republics:^[7]

46 oblasts:

Amur

Arkhangelsk

Astrakhan

Belgorod

Bryansk

Chelyabinsk

Irkutsk

Ivanovo

Kaliningrad

Kaluga

Kemerovo

Kirov

Kostroma

Kurgan

Kursk

Leningrad

Lipetsk

Magadan

Moscow Oblast

Murmansk

Nizhny Novgorod

Novgorod

Novosibirsk

Omsk

Orenburg

Oryol

Penza

Pskov

Rostov

Ryazan

Sakhalin

Samara

Saratov

Smolensk

Sverdlovsk

Tambov

Tomsk

Tver

Tula

Tyumen

Ulyanovsk

Vladimir

Volgograd

Vologda

Voronezh

Yaroslavl

9 krais:

Altai

Kamchatka

Khabarovsk

Krasnodar

Krasnoyarsk

Perm

Primorsky

Stavropol

Zabaykalsky

1 autonomous oblast:^[7]

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

4 autonomous okrugs:^[7]

Chukotka

Khanty–Mansia

Nenets

Yamalo-Nenets

2 federal-level cities:

Moscow

‎ Saint Petersburg

圣基茨和尼维斯

2 states:

Saint Kitts^{[Federated states 5]}

尼维斯

索马里^[24]^[25]

3 states:^{[Federated states 6]}

索马里兰 ·

邦特兰 ·

Galmudug

南苏丹

10 states:

Central Equatoria · Eastern Equatoria · Jonglei · Lakes · Northern Bahr el Ghazal · Unity · Upper Nile · Warrap · Western Bahr el Ghazal · Western Equatoria

苏丹^[26]

15 states:

Al Jazirah · Blue Nile · Sennar · White Nile · North Darfur · South Darfur · West Darfur · Kassala · Al Qadarif · Red Sea · Khartoum · Kurdufan · North Kurdufan · South Kurdufan · Northern · River Nile

瑞士^[27]

26 cantons:

阿联酋^[28]

7 emirates:

阿布扎比

阿治曼

杜拜

富查伊拉

拉斯海玛

沙迦

欧姆古温

美国^[29]

50 states:

亚拉巴马州

阿拉斯加州

亚利桑那州

阿肯色州

加利福尼亚州

科罗拉多州

康涅狄格州

特拉华州

佛罗里达州

佐治亚州

夏威夷州

爱达荷州

伊利诺伊州

印第安纳州

艾奥瓦州

堪萨斯州

肯塔基州

路易斯安那州

缅因州

马里兰州

马萨诸塞州

密歇根州

明尼苏达州

密西西比州

密苏里州

蒙大拿州

内布拉斯加州

内华达州

新罕布什尔州

新泽西州

新墨西哥州

纽约州

北卡罗来纳州

北达科他州

俄亥俄州

奥克拉荷马州

俄勒冈州

宾夕法尼亚州

罗得岛州

南卡罗来纳州

南达科他州

田纳西州

德克萨斯州

犹他州

佛蒙特州

弗吉尼亚州

华盛顿州

西弗吉尼亚州

威斯康星州

怀俄明州

Unincorporated territories:

美属萨摩亚

关岛

北马里亚纳群岛

波多黎各

美属维尔京群岛
Baker Island · Howland Island · Jarvis Island · Johnston Atoll · Kingman Reef · Midway Atoll · Navassa Island · Wake Island
(The United States also claims Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank).

1 特区:

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区

1 incorporated territory:
Palmyra Atoll

委内瑞拉^[30]

23 states:

1 federal district:

联邦区 (委内瑞拉)

1 federal dependency:

‎ 联邦属地 (委内瑞拉)

Close

Notes

[F 1]
The Flemish Region and Walloon Region are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance are the responsibility of the regional governments.
[F 2]
The communities and regions are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.
[F 3]
The federal city has a level of self-ruling equal to the other main federal units.
[F 4]
The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.
[F 5]
Saint Kitts is governed directly by the federal government.
[F 6]
Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.

注释

[1]
Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers
[2]
例子澳大利亚和美国
[3]
1993年在比利时发生这种情况。比利时地区此前已经下放权力
[4]
例如，加拿大各省与瑞士各州比大多数非西方联邦拥有大量的权力，享受更多的保护，防止中央政府的干扰与。
[5]
Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed.. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. 2008: 827. ISBN 978-1-74066-648-0. p26.
[6]
SBS World Guide 2008, p38
[7]
Autonomous region. See more at List of autonomous areas by country
[8]
SBS World Guide 2008, p46
[9]
SBS World Guide 2008, p74
[10]
SBS World Guide 2008, p101
[11]
Article 18
[12]
SBS World Guide 2008, p132
[13]
SBS World Guide 2008, p239
[14]
SBS World Guide 2008, p275
[15]
SBS World Guide 2008, p328
[16]
SBS World Guide 2008, p346
[17]
SBS World Guide 2008, p460
[18]
SBS World Guide 2008, p481
[19]
SBS World Guide 2008, p486
[20]
SBS World Guide 2008, p537
[21]
SBS World Guide 2008, p549
[22]
SBS World Guide 2008, p600
[23]
Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.
[24]
The Federal Republic of Somalia - Harmonized Draft Constitution (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. [2 August 2012].
[25]
Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution. [2 August 2012].
[26]
SBS World Guide 2008, p687
[27]
SBS World Guide 2008, p700
[28]
SBS World Guide 2008, p760
[29]
SBS World Guide 2008, p774
[30]
SBS World Guide 2008, p798

[10] [F 1]
The Flemish Region and Walloon Region are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance are the responsibility of the regional governments.

[11] [F 2]
The communities and regions are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.

[13] [F 3]
The federal city has a level of self-ruling equal to the other main federal units.

[14] [F 4]
The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.

[28] [F 5]
Saint Kitts is governed directly by the federal government.

[31] [F 6]
Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.

[1] [1]
Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers

[2] [2]
例子澳大利亚和美国

[3] [3]
1993年在比利时发生这种情况。比利时地区此前已经下放权力

[4] [4]
例如，加拿大各省与瑞士各州比大多数非西方联邦拥有大量的权力，享受更多的保护，防止中央政府的干扰与。

[sbswg2008-5] [5]
Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed.. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. 2008: 827. ISBN 978-1-74066-648-0. p26.

[6] [6]
SBS World Guide 2008, p38

[autonomy-7] [7]
Autonomous region. See more at List of autonomous areas by country

[8] [8]
SBS World Guide 2008, p46

[9] [9]
SBS World Guide 2008, p74

[12] [10]
SBS World Guide 2008, p101

[15] [11]
Article 18

[16] [12]
SBS World Guide 2008, p132

[17] [13]
SBS World Guide 2008, p239

[18] [14]
SBS World Guide 2008, p275

[19] [15]
SBS World Guide 2008, p328

[20] [16]
SBS World Guide 2008, p346

[21] [17]
SBS World Guide 2008, p460

[22] [18]
SBS World Guide 2008, p481

[23] [19]
SBS World Guide 2008, p486

[24] [20]
SBS World Guide 2008, p537

[25] [21]
SBS World Guide 2008, p549

[26] [22]
SBS World Guide 2008, p600

[27] [23]
Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.

[FRSom-29] [24]
The Federal Republic of Somalia - Harmonized Draft Constitution (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. [2 August 2012].

[Gttsdpc-30] [25]
Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution. [2 August 2012].

[32] [26]
SBS World Guide 2008, p687

[33] [27]
SBS World Guide 2008, p700

[34] [28]
SBS World Guide 2008, p760

[35] [29]
SBS World Guide 2008, p774

[36] [30]
SBS World Guide 2008, p798

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[Federated states 1]

[Federated states 2]

[10]

[Federated states 3]

[Federated states 4]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[Federated states 5]

[24]

[25]

[Federated states 6]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]