帮助:古吉拉特语国际音标
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下列图表展示了国际音标(IPA)在维基百科条目中表示古吉拉特语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南,请参见{{IPA-gu}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。
这页是维基百科的古吉拉特语国际音标发音指南。 |
请参阅古吉拉特语音系(英语:Gujarati phonology)以更全面地了解古吉拉特语的发音。
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注释
- The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665页)
- The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659页) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97页).
- While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658页)
- Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662页) Mistry (2003:116页).
参考文献
- Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu, Gujarati, Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (编), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5
- Masica, Colin, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
- Mistry, P.J., Gujarati Phonology, Kaye, A.S (编), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1997, ISBN 1-57506-019-1
- Mistry, P.J., Gujarati, Frawley, William (编), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 2 2nd, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-516784-8