鳗鲡属(学名:Anguilla)为辐鳍鱼纲鳗鲡目的鳗鲡科(Anguillidae)下的唯一一个属。分布于热带及温带。南大西洋及东北太平洋无。受墨西哥湾暖流影响,分布北达俄罗斯白海、摩尔曼斯克等。[3] 是一种食用价值较高的经济鱼类。台湾、中国和日本有养殖。鳗鲡性成熟期较长,雄性为8~10年,雌性更长。
鳗鲡为降河洄游性鱼类,在淡水中生长,入海产卵。鳗鲡的洄游一般在夜间进行,初期身体肥满,但途中消耗巨大能量,又不摄食,许多产卵后都疲惫而死。
孵化后的幼鱼为白色,形如柳叶,被称为“柳叶鳗”。欧洲鳗鲡洄游到栖居地要三年时间;在进入淡水以前,身体变成成年形状,称为线鳗。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:
- 欧洲鳗鲡 Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 奥克兰鳗鲡 Anguilla aucklandii
- 澳洲鳗鲡 Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841
- 澳洲鳗鲡 Anguilla australis australis
- 新澳鳗鲡 Anguilla australis schmidti
- Anguilla avisotis Richardson, 1845
- 孟加拉鳗鲡 Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1831)
- 孟加拉鳗鲡 Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis
- 东印度洋鳗鲡 Anguilla bengalensis labiata
- 双色鳗鲡 Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844
- 双色鳗鲡 Anguilla bicolor bicolor
- 太平洋双色鳗鲡 Anguilla bicolor pacifica :又称二色鳗。
- Anguilla borneensis Popta, 1924
- 短头鳗鲡 Anguilla breviceps
- Anguilla brevicula Agassiz, 1839
- Anguilla caeca Smith, 1904
- 苏拉威西鳗鲡 Anguilla celebensis Kaup, 1856
- Anguilla clathrata Richardson, 1844
- 大鳗鲡 Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842
- Anguilla eurylaema Kaup, 1856
- Anguilla fasciata Kaup, 1856
- Anguilla guttata Cuvier, 1856
- 内唇鳗鲡 Anguilla interioris Whitley, 1938
- Anguilla isinglaena Kaup, 1856
- 日本鳗鲡 Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
- Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852)
- Anguilla lalandi Sauvage, 1891
- Anguilla latispina Agassiz, 1839
- Anguilla linearis Hardwick, 1831
- 吕宋鳗鲡 Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto, 2009[4]
- Anguilla macroptera McClelland, 1844
- 印尼鳗鲡 Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1856
- 鲈鳗 Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824:又称花鳗鲡。
- Anguilla macroptera McClelland, 1844
- 大口鳗鲡 Anguilla megastoma Kaup, 1856
- 莫桑比克鳗鲡 Anguilla mossambica (Peters, 1852)
- Anguilla multiradiata Agassiz, 1843
- 云纹鳗鲡 Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844
- 灰鳗鲡 Anguilla obscura Günther, 1872
- Anguilla pachyura Agassiz, 1843
- Anguilla pictus Swainson, 1839
- Anguilla porphyrea Günther, 1861
- Anguilla rectangularis Stinton & Nolf, 1970
- 雷恩东澳鳗 Anguilla reinhardtii :又称宽鳍鳗鲡。
- 美洲鳗鲡 Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817)
- Anguilla ventralis Agassiz, 1839
参考文献
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