肌肉减少症

肌肉减少症（英语：Sarcopenia）又称肌少症，是指骨骼肌在质量（mass）、品质（quality）和强度（strength）上随着年龄或不活动产生退化性损失。此术语的英文是来自希腊语：σάρξ（肉体）和πενία（贫乏）。肌肉减少症是老化或退化过程，50岁以后每年有0.5-1％的损失。可以通过病理和行为因素如营养不足加速。肌少症是衰弱症（英语：frailty syndrome）的一个构成要素^[1]。

肌少症的诊断标准有许多要件，临床上特别关注四肢骨骼肌质量（appendicular skeletal muscle mass，ASM）^[2]，以其指数 ASMI（ASM/身高²）为诊断肌少症的要件之一，若个体骨骼肌质量低于健康成人平均值两个标准差以上，则要件成立；以亚洲人种来说，即男性 ASMI <7.0 kg/m²，女性 <5.4 kg/m^2[3]。

治疗

运动

由于高龄且肌少症患者，除了肌肉质量与功能的减退，常并发肺活量下降、日常生活活动功能损失，因此阻力运动、有氧运动、柔软度运动三者必须兼顾；若另有易跌倒倾向，则必须加入平衡运动。

营养

增补剂

参考资料

1. Peterson SJ, Mozer M. Differentiating Sarcopenia and Cachexia Among Patients With Cancer. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. February 2017, 32 (1): 30–39. PMID 28124947. doi:10.1177/0884533616680354.
2. Han, Yanxia MMa; Wu, Zhenyun MMa; Chen, Yi MMa; Kan, Yanan MMb; Geng, Min MMb; Xu, Nuo MMb; Qian, Hongying MBa; Wang, Hai Fang MMa; Niu, Meie MMa,∗ Factors associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass among male Chinese patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Medicine: October 2019 - Volume 98 - Issue 40 - p e17361 doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017361
3. Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, Kojima T, Kuzuya M, Lee JSW, Lee SY, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Lim JY, Lim WS, Peng LN, Sugimoto K, Tanaka T, Won CW, Yamada M, Zhang T, Akishita M, Arai H. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Mar;21(3):300-307.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 4. PMID 32033882.

延伸阅读

• Fujita S, Volpi E. Amino acids and muscle loss with aging. J. Nutr. (Review). January 2006, 136 (1 Suppl): 277S–80S. PMC 3183816 . PMID 16365098.
• Roubenoff R. Physical activity, inflammation, and muscle loss. Nutr. Rev. December 2007, 65 (12 Pt 2): S208–12. PMID 18240550. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00364.x.

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