硼氢化铵

硼氢化铵
英文名	Ammonium borohydride; Ammonium tetrahydroborate
别名	四氢合硼酸铵
识别
CAS号	19193-35-2
性质
化学式	NH4BH4
外观	白色晶体
结构
晶体结构	面心立方（岩盐结构）
空间群	Fm3m
相关物质
其他阴离子	氢化铵
其他阳离子	硼氢化钠; 硼氢化钾
相关化学品	硼烷氨; 氮化硼
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硼氢化铵是一种无机化合物，化学式为NH₄BH₄，是一种在室温下不稳定的白色晶体，于1958年被发现。它是目前已知氢含量最高（ρ_m = 24.5 wt% H₂）的固体化合物。^[3]

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硼氢化钠和氟化铵在−60 °C（或−78 °C^[3]）的液氨中反应，可以得到NH₄BH₄和NaF。^[4]

NaBH₄ + NH₄F → NH₄BH₄ + NaF

硼氢化钠和硫酸铵在四氢呋喃中的反应会有NH₄BH₄作为中间体产生，它会和之后生成的NH₃BH₃反应，进一步生成[(NH₃)₂BH₂]BH₄、B₃N₃H₆等产物。^[4]

NH₄BH₄ + NH₃BH₃ → [(NH₃)₂BH₂]BH₄ + H₂

性质及结构

硼氢化铵在−40 °C开始分解，25 °C经过6 h便只剩50%，分解反应的产物是[BNH₆]_x和氢气。^[1]在固态时，它的分解产物是(NH₃BH₃)₂；在含有痕量氨的乙醚中，它分解为NH₃BH₃。它在液氨中稳定。^[5]

NH₄BH₄在1.5 GPa开始发生相变，由α相转变为β相，并在3.4~4.6 GPa转变为γ相。^[6]

参考文献

[1]
R. W. Parry, D. R. Schultz, P. R. Girardot. The Preparation and Properties of Hexamminecobalt(III) Borohydride, Hexamminechromium(III) Borohydride and Ammonium Borhydride 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1958-1, 80 (1): 1–3 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01534a001. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
[2]
Karkamkar, Abhijeet; Kathmann, Shawn M.; Schenter, Gregory K.; Heldebrant, David J.; Hess, Nancy; Gutowski, Maciej; Autrey, Tom. Thermodynamic and Structural Investigations of Ammonium Borohydride, a Solid with a Highest Content of Thermodynamically and Kinetically Accessible Hydrogen. Chemistry of Materials. 2009, 21 (19): 4356–4358. ISSN 0897-4756. doi:10.1021/cm902385c.
[3]
Thomas K. Nielsen, Abhi Karkamkar, Mark Bowden, Flemming Besenbacher, Torben R. Jensen, Tom Autrey. Methods to stabilize and destabilize ammonium borohydride. Dalton Trans. 2013, 42 (3): 680–687 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/C2DT31591B （英语）.
[4]
P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, Ameya S. Kulkarni. The role of ammonia in promoting ammonia borane synthesis. Dalton Transactions. 2016, 45 (41): 16433–16440 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/C6DT02925F （英语）.
[5]
David J. Heldebrant, Abhi Karkamkar, John C. Linehan, Tom Autrey. Synthesis of ammonia borane for hydrogen storage applications. Energy & Environmental Science. 2008, 1 (1): 156 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1754-5692. doi:10.1039/b808865a （英语）.
[6]
Roxana Flacau, Yansun Yao, Dennis D. Klug, Serge Desgreniers, Christopher I. Ratcliffe. Structural phase transitions induced by pressure in ammonium borohydride. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2012, 14 (19): 7005 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1463-9076. doi:10.1039/c2cp40160f （英语）.

拓展阅读

Tom Autrey. Chemical approaches to on-board hydrogen storage. The road to reversibility in "Inorganic hydrides". Preprints - American Chemical Society, Division of Energy & Fuels, 2014. 59 (1): 4. CODEN: PACSCT.

[Parry-1] [1]
R. W. Parry, D. R. Schultz, P. R. Girardot. The Preparation and Properties of Hexamminecobalt(III) Borohydride, Hexamminechromium(III) Borohydride and Ammonium Borhydride 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1958-1, 80 (1): 1–3 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01534a001. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[KarkamkarKathmann2009-2] [2]
Karkamkar, Abhijeet; Kathmann, Shawn M.; Schenter, Gregory K.; Heldebrant, David J.; Hess, Nancy; Gutowski, Maciej; Autrey, Tom. Thermodynamic and Structural Investigations of Ammonium Borohydride, a Solid with a Highest Content of Thermodynamically and Kinetically Accessible Hydrogen. Chemistry of Materials. 2009, 21 (19): 4356–4358. ISSN 0897-4756. doi:10.1021/cm902385c.

[Thomas-3] [3]
Thomas K. Nielsen, Abhi Karkamkar, Mark Bowden, Flemming Besenbacher, Torben R. Jensen, Tom Autrey. Methods to stabilize and destabilize ammonium borohydride. Dalton Trans. 2013, 42 (3): 680–687 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/C2DT31591B （英语）.

[Ramachandran-4] [4]
P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, Ameya S. Kulkarni. The role of ammonia in promoting ammonia borane synthesis. Dalton Transactions. 2016, 45 (41): 16433–16440 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/C6DT02925F （英语）.

[5] [5]
David J. Heldebrant, Abhi Karkamkar, John C. Linehan, Tom Autrey. Synthesis of ammonia borane for hydrogen storage applications. Energy & Environmental Science. 2008, 1 (1): 156 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1754-5692. doi:10.1039/b808865a （英语）.

[6] [6]
Roxana Flacau, Yansun Yao, Dennis D. Klug, Serge Desgreniers, Christopher I. Ratcliffe. Structural phase transitions induced by pressure in ammonium borohydride. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2012, 14 (19): 7005 [2019-04-01]. ISSN 1463-9076. doi:10.1039/c2cp40160f （英语）.

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