在语言学中,回指(英语:anaphora),是指用一个短语来引用语境中的另一个短语(其前行语或后行语[1])。狭义而言,回指只针对前行语,下指(又称预指、照应)则针对后行语。回指所用的短语称作回指语,比如在“莎莉到了,但没有人看到了她”中,“她”是回指语,前行语是“莎莉”。在“她到了之前,没有人看到了莎莉”中,“她”的后行语是“莎莉”,所以“她”是下指语(或者广义上的回指语)。回指语通常是替代词或其他直指短语。回指和下指都属于内指照应。
例子
- 回指(狭义,属于内指照应)
- Susan dropped the plate. It shattered loudly.
- “It”是回指词,前行语是“the plate”。
- The music stopped, and that upset everyone.
- “that”是回指词,前行语是“The music stopped”。
- 下指(包含于广义上的回指,属于内指照应)
- Because he was very cold, David put on his coat.
- “he”是下指词,后行语是“David”。
- In their free time, the boys play video games.
- “their”是下指词,后行语是“the boys”。
参见
参考文献
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.