林利思哥宫

林利思哥宫（英语：Linlithgow Palace），也通译为林利斯戈宫。位于苏格兰东部西洛锡安地区的林利思哥，距离首府爱丁堡约15英里（24千米），于15至16世纪曾一度是苏格兰国王们的王宫。1542年12月8日，苏格兰女王玛丽一世就出生在这里。

无论从地理位置还是建筑规模来说，它都是苏格兰文艺复兴时期建筑中最宏伟的一个。20世纪之后曾是大英帝国的印度总督林利思戈侯爵的私人住宅。

历史

原址早于12世纪已经是皇室的庄园^[1]。由于地理位置得宜，它后来成为了往来爱丁堡城堡及斯特灵城堡之间不可或缺的重要军事基地，以确保这补给路线不受强盗所滋扰。受命于爱德华一世，堡垒于1302年4月开始动工，由建筑大师圣乔治的詹姆斯设计^[2]，两名神职人员负责监工，聘请了60名男工和140名女工，以男工每日两便士、女工每日一便士的薪酬^[3]，马不停蹄连日赶工，另外亦调配了百多名士兵协助建筑于1303年夏季完成^[4]。

1424年，林利思哥市镇遇到大火，部分的建筑物被焚毁^[1]，当时的苏格兰王国詹姆斯一世下令扩建堡垒，使之成为苏格兰皇室的其中一个行宫，同时亦修葺了宫殿旁边的圣迈克尔教区教堂（英语：St. Michael's Parish Church, Linlithgow）^[5]。

往后数代的君主詹姆斯三世、四世和五世都曾经扩建林利思哥宫，令它的布局渐渐正规化。苏格兰女王玛丽一世在这里出生，詹姆斯六世的女儿伊丽莎白·斯图亚特更长居于此^[6]。

参考

[1]
"Linlithgow Palace: Property detail （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Historic Scotland.
[2]
Notices of Original Documents illustrative of Scottish History, Maitland Club, (1841) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 67-83, (headings only).
[3]
Accounts of the Master of Works, vol. 1 (1957) HMSO, lxvi, (Latin).
[4]
Simpson, Grant, & Galbraith, James, ed., Calendar Documents Scotland in PRO and British Library, vol. 5 supplementary, SRO (n.d), no. 305, no. 472 (h, j, u), 'j' mentions Robert de Wynpol (Wimpole) working in Summer 1303, 472 (k) mentions the Warwolf lupus-guerre siege engine at Stirling Castle.
[5]
St Michael's Church Feature Page. Undiscovered Scotland. [2009-08-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-12）.
[6]
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol 10 (1891), 521.

文献

Ian Campbell: Linlithgow’s 'Princely Palace' and its Influence in Europe. In: Architectural Heritage. Jg. 5, 1995, ISSN 1350-7524, S. 1–20 (online).
Martin Coventry: The castles of Scotland. A comprehensive references and gazetteer to more than 2000 castles. 2. Auflage. Goblinshead, Edinburgh 1997, ISBN 1-899874-10-0, S. 239–240.
Adrian Cox: Linlithgow Palace. The official souvenir guide. Historic Scotland, [Edinburgh] 2010, ISBN 978-1-84917-046-8.
Richard Dargie: Scottish castles & fortifications. 2. Auflage. GW Publishing, Thatcham 2009, ISBN 978-0-9561211-0-3, S. 76.
John G. Dunbar: Scottish royal palaces. The architecture of the royal residences during the late Medieval and early Renaissance periods. Tuckwell, East Linton 1999, ISBN 1-86232-042-X, S. 5–21, 217–222 (online).
Lloyd R. Laing: Excavations at Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, 1966-7. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Band 99, 1968, ISSN 0081-1564, S. 111–147 (PDF; 2,9 MB).
Lloyd R. Laing: Medieval and other material in Linlithgow Palace museum. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Band 101, 1970, ISSN 0081-1564, S. 134–145 (PDF; 1,1 MB).
David MacGibbon, Thomas Ross: The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland. Band 1. David Douglas, Edinburgh 1887, S. 478–501 (online).
Denys Pringle: Linlithgow Palace. A historical guide to the royal palace and peel. HMSO, Edinburgh 1989.
J. S. Richardson, James Beveridge: Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian. 2. Auflage. HMSO, Edinburgh 1963.

外部链接

55°58′42.6″N 3°36′4.0″W

[#1-1] [1]
"Linlithgow Palace: Property detail （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Historic Scotland.

[2] [2]
Notices of Original Documents illustrative of Scottish History, Maitland Club, (1841) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 67-83, (headings only).

[3] [3]
Accounts of the Master of Works, vol. 1 (1957) HMSO, lxvi, (Latin).

[4] [4]
Simpson, Grant, & Galbraith, James, ed., Calendar Documents Scotland in PRO and British Library, vol. 5 supplementary, SRO (n.d), no. 305, no. 472 (h, j, u), 'j' mentions Robert de Wynpol (Wimpole) working in Summer 1303, 472 (k) mentions the Warwolf lupus-guerre siege engine at Stirling Castle.

[StMichaels-5] [5]
St Michael's Church Feature Page. Undiscovered Scotland. [2009-08-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-12）.

[6] [6]
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol 10 (1891), 521.

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