戈拉尼语

戈拉尼语
戈拉尼语
گۆرانی; Goranî
母语国家和地区	伊拉克及伊朗
区域	库尔德斯坦（主要是哈拉曼（英语：哈拉曼），以及贝斯加米安（英语：Beth Garmai）和尼尼微省）
母语使用人数	350,000 （2014）
语系	印欧语系印度-伊朗语族伊朗语支西伊朗语支（英语：Western Iranian languages）西北伊朗语支（英语：Northwestern Iranian languages）扎扎-戈拉尼语言（英语：Zaza–Gorani languages）戈拉尼语; ; ; ; ; ;
方言	哈拉米语(Hawrami); 沙巴基语（英语：Shabaki language）; 萨利语(Sarli); 巴杰拉尼语(Bajelani)
语言代码
ISO 639-3	hac
Glottolog	gura1251
ELP	Gurani; Bajelani;
语言瞭望站	58-AAA-b

戈拉尼语（Gorani 或"哈拉米语"(Hawrami)；亦称"古拉尼语"(Gurani)，^[2]库尔德语: گۆرانی (Goranî)，为"歌曲"之意）^[5]是伊朗西北部（英语：Northwestern Iranian languages）库尔德人所说的语言^[6]，与扎扎其语共同构成扎扎-戈拉尼语言（英语：Zaza–Gorani languages）语群。^[2]所有戈拉尼语在词汇和形态上都受到库尔德语的影响。^[6]戈拉尼语被许多研究人员认为是库尔德方言。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]有些人认为它是库尔德人的文学语言。^[10]

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戈拉尼语有四种方言：巴杰拉尼语(Bajelani)、哈拉米语(Hawrami)、萨利语(Sarli)，以及沙巴基语（英语：Shabaki language），戈拉尼语通行于伊拉克与伊朗等国。^[2]戈拉尼语的方言之中，哈拉米语是札格罗斯山脉历史悠久的阿尔达兰（英语：Ardalan）地区库尔德人的传统文学语言及自然共通语，^[11]^[12]但此后已被中库尔德语与南库尔德语（英语：Southern Kurdish）所取代。^[13]

注释

[1]
戈拉尼语于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）
[2]
Gurani. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）.
[3]
Bajalan. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-06）.
[4]
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Gurani. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
[5]
Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. 2018: 127. ISBN 978-1538110508.
[6]
Michiel Leezenberg. Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? (PDF). ILLC - Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam. 1993 [29 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-12）.
[7]
G. Tavadze. Spreading of the Kurdish language dialects and writing systems used in the middle east. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2019, 13 (1): 170–174 [30 April 2020].
[8]
Jaffer Sheyholislami. Language Varieties of the Kurds. 2015 [30 April 2020].
[9]
Hossein Hassani; Dzejla Medjedovic. Automatic Kurdish Dialects Identification. Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ). February 2016: 61–78 [30 April 2020]. ISBN 9781921987489. doi:10.5121/csit.2016.60307 .
[10]
Ara, Behrooz Chaman; Amiri, Cyrus. Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom?. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 2018-08-08, 45 (4): 627–643 [2021-09-29]. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）.
[11]
Chaman Ara، Behrooz. The Kurdish Shahnama and its Literary and Religious Implications. ISBN 1511523492.
[12]
چمن آرا، ب، درآمدی بر ادب حماسی و پهلوانی کُردی با تکیه بر شاهنامه کُردی، جستارهای ادبی سال چهل و چهارم بهار 1390 شماره 172.^{[失效链接]}
[13]
Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index. p 444

参考文献

D.N.MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-i Luhon). Kobenhavn. 1966.[1]

参阅

沙巴基语（英语：Shabaki language）
阿尔达兰（英语：Ardalan）
南库尔德语（英语：Southern Kurdish）

外部链接

The Dialect of Awroman( Hawraman-i Luhon) by D.N.MacKenzie
Ergativity and Role-Marking in Hawrami by Anders Holmberg, University of Newcastle & CASTL and David Odden, Ohio State University
The Noun Phrase in Hawrami^{[永久失效链接]} by Anders Holmberg, University of Newcastle & CASTL and David Odden, Ohio State University

[e18-1] [1]
戈拉尼语于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）

[dialects-2] [2]
Gurani. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）.

[3] [3]
Bajalan. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-06）.

[Glottolog-4] [4]
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Gurani. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.

[5] [5]
Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. 2018: 127. ISBN 978-1538110508.

[leezenberg-6] [6]
Michiel Leezenberg. Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? (PDF). ILLC - Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam. 1993 [29 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-12）.

[7] [7]
G. Tavadze. Spreading of the Kurdish language dialects and writing systems used in the middle east. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2019, 13 (1): 170–174 [30 April 2020].

[8] [8]
Jaffer Sheyholislami. Language Varieties of the Kurds. 2015 [30 April 2020].

[9] [9]
Hossein Hassani; Dzejla Medjedovic. Automatic Kurdish Dialects Identification. Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ). February 2016: 61–78 [30 April 2020]. ISBN 9781921987489. doi:10.5121/csit.2016.60307 .

[10] [10]
Ara, Behrooz Chaman; Amiri, Cyrus. Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom?. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 2018-08-08, 45 (4): 627–643 [2021-09-29]. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）.

[11] [11]
Chaman Ara، Behrooz. The Kurdish Shahnama and its Literary and Religious Implications. ISBN 1511523492.

[12] [12]
چمن آرا، ب، درآمدی بر ادب حماسی و پهلوانی کُردی با تکیه بر شاهنامه کُردی، جستارهای ادبی سال چهل و چهارم بهار 1390 شماره 172.^{[失效链接]}

[13] [13]
Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index. p 444

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