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大气对流是指空气因热力或动力而垂直上升。大气对流时大气底层的热量、动量和水汽可以传递至大气高层。水汽来到大气高层后会引起降水[1]。此外大气对流也是往往引起恶劣天气（雷暴、冰雹，下击暴流和龙卷风）的原因。
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