塌陷又称塌方、崩塌，是指地质构造、矿井或建筑以及隧道结构因雨水冲刷、设计缺陷等原因出现的坍塌和倒塌现象。人们在采矿、挖掘隧道和壕沟时，极易出现塌陷现象。冰川洞和其他冰层结构如果处于温暖的环境小也非常容易出现崩塌[1][2]。
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