副狒

副狒属; 化石时期：上新世至更新世
保护状况
	无效状况
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	灵长目 Primates
科：	猴科 Cercopithecidae
亚科：	猕猴亚科 Cercopithecinae
族：	狒狒族 Papionini
属：	†副狒属 Parapapio; Jones, 1937
种
	P. jonesi; P. whitei; P. broomi; P. antiquus;

副狒（Parapapio）是一属史前的狒狒，外表像森林的白睑猴。副狒与狒狒不同的是，牠的眉嵴很窄，没有犬齿窝或矢状嵴，只有少许两性异形。^[1]

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现时已知有四个副狒的物种，包括P. jonesi、P. whitei、P. broomi及P. antiquus，但这些分类却仍有一些争议。传统上，这些物种都只在臼齿的大小来作出分野，如P. jonesi的臼齿最细小，P. whitei的则最大，但是P. broomi的臼齿差异却与这两种副狒一致。^[2]P. jonesi的鼻端较P. whitei的更为方形，但较Pp. broomi为圆。这些分野实在太微小，故有需要更完善的分类条件。^[1]

虽然一些学者指副狒分类有问题，但却不赞成重新分类。这是由于P. broomi与P. jonesi的平均牙齿大小或同位素特征没有明显差异^[3]，这显示牠们可能是两性异形的同一物种。^[4]但是P. broomi及P. whitei的差异范围重叠，并且没有统计学上的差异^[5]，故有建议指牠们其实是同一物种。^[2]更复杂的是，P. jonesi的标本在面部特征上都与其他副狒有明显不同。

参考

[1]
Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.
[2]
F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.
[3]
Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.
[4]
Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.
[5]
Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.

外部链接

[Frost_and_Delson_(2002)-1] [1]
Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.

[Williams_et_al._(2006)-2] [2]
F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.

[Thackary_et_al._(2005)-3] [3]
Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.

[Thackary_and_Myer_(2004)-4] [4]
Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.

[frost2003-5] [5]
Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.

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