随着欧洲人的到来,丘马什人和他们的传统生活方式受到了前所未有的冲击[6]。圣路易斯奥比斯波传教士所(Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa)成立于1772年,是在丘马什地区的第一个传教所,也是其五个传教所中最北的。下一个成立的是1782年的、位于圣克拉拉河河口附近太平洋海岸的圣布埃纳文图拉传教所(Mission San Buenaventura)。同样位于太平洋海岸的还有1786年成立的圣巴巴拉传教所(Mission Santa Barbara)。 布里斯玛·康塞普西翁传教所(Mission La Purisima Concepción)于1789年在圣巴巴拉北部到圣路易斯奥比斯波沿线建立。最后一个圣伊内斯传教所(Mission Santa Ynez)于1804年在圣伊内斯河沿岸建立。大多数丘马什人都在1772年至1806年间加入了一个或多个传教所,但海峡群岛的大部分土著居民直到1816年才加入[14]。
殖民者抵达前丘马什人口数量有许多说法。人类学家阿尔弗雷德·路易斯·克鲁伯认为1770年的人口可能约为10,000[17],艾伦·布朗(Alan K. Brown)认为约为15,000[18]。舍伯恩·库克(Sherburne F. Cook)曾给出多个预测值,为8,000、13,650、20,400或18,500。[19]
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