statistical shape analysis

上述有關形狀的數學定義已用在統計形狀分析（英语：statistical shape analysis）的領域中。Procrustes分析（英语：Procrustes analysis）是比較類似物體（例如不同動物的骨骼）形狀，或是量測可變形物體的變形時都會用到。也

generated shape index theory and its application to a retarded nonautonomous parabolic equation. Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis. Volume 59

C.; De Clercq, D.; Aerts, P. The effects of habitual footwear use: foot shape and function in native barefoot walkers. Footwear Science. 2009, 1 (2):

Osmond, John P. F.; Ponman, Trevor J. The GEMS project: X-ray analysis and statistical properties of the group sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical

Moral Statistics of France: Challenges for Multivariable Spatial Analysis (PDF). Statistical Science. 2007, 22 (3): 368–399 [2013-05-30]. doi:10.1214/07-STS241