符合《世界人權宣言》原則的法律常明文反對以種族來區分人人應有的平等尊嚴及權利,從而定義何為不當的「種族歧視」。根據聯合國《排除一切形式種族歧視公約》的定義: the term "racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference
Struggle for Black Equality (2008) Keating, William Dennis. The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods. Temple University Press. 1994. ISBN 978-1-56639-147-4