intrauterine system

含孕激素宫内节育器（英語：Intrauterine device with progestogen），商品名为曼月乐（Mirena）等，是一种可以释放左炔诺孕酮的宫内节育器，其用途包括避孕、缓解月经过多、预防雌激素替代疗法（英语：Hormone replacement

Pirjo; Kubba, Ali; Sanchez-Ramos, Luis. Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System and Endometrial Ablation in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Systematic

ME, Croxatto HB. Copper-T intrauterine device and levonorgestrel intrauterine system: biological bases of their mechanism of action. Contraception. 2007

Bahamondes L, Bahamondes MV, Monteiro I. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: uses and controversies. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2008,

含銅避孕器（Intrauterine device with copper）也稱為銅製宮內避孕器，是一種藉由釋放銅離子達到避孕效果的宮內節育器。本品可用來避孕，若有進行過無避孕措施的非安全性行為，在五天內使用也可以緊急避孕。含銅避孕器是避孕設備中最有效的方式之一，每年的失效率為0