くろしお出版. 2009: 182–185 (日语). Comrie, Bernard. Language Universals and LinguisticTypology: Syntax and Morphology. University of Chicago Press. 1989. ISBN 0226114333
illustrated with examples. Language Universals(英语:Linguistic universal) and LinguisticTypology(英语:LinguisticTypology): Syntax and Morphology – Bernard Comrie