螔螺属（学名：Limacina）是翼足目螔螺科之下的一个海洋腹足纲软体动物门属，即俗称“海蝴蝶”的一种。本属物种是腹足纲之下其中一个物种非常丰富的属[3][4]。
螔螺属
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|---|---|
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| 在阿拉斯加的海里拍摄到的一只螔螺（Limacina helicina） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 翼足目 Pteropoda |
| 科： | 螔螺科 Limacinidae |
| 属： | 螔螺属 Limacina Bosc, 1817[1] |
| 模式种 | |
| Clio helicina Phipps, 1774 | |
| 种 | |
| 异名[2] | |
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本属的学名“Limacina”本身的意思其实就是“像蜗牛”[5]
作为一种在海洋的浮游生物界生活的腹足纲物种，螔螺属透过拍动牠们的一双拟足（亦作疣足，parapoida）来在水中畅泳，所以得来“海蝴蝶”的美名。
海蝴蝶是有壳翼足类支序（Thecosomata）的成员，与之相对的是属于裸壳翼足类支序（Gymnosomata）的海天使。这两个支序的成员合组成为翼足类。两者的分别在于有壳翼足类的成员的背上还留有一个或大或小的壳，但裸壳翼足类的壳已完全褪化。
物种
本属物种同时有化石种及生存种，分别如下：
- † Limacina atypica (Laws, 1944)
- (recent) Limacina bulimoides (d'Orbigny, 1836)[6][7]- Bulimoid pteropod. Distribution: Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1.2 mm.
- † Limacina erasmiana Janssen, 2010[8]
- † Limacina dilatata (Koenen, 1892)
- † Limacina ferax (Laws, 1944)
- † Limacina gormani (Curry, 1982)[7]
- † Limacina guersi Janssen, 2010[8]
- 螔螺 Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)：模式种[6]。
- (recent) Limacina lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Distribution: North America, Western Atlantic.
- † Limacina limata (Marwick, 1926)
- † Limacina pygmaea (Lamarck, 1805)[7][8]
- (recent) Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
- 后弯螔螺 Limacina retroversa (Fleming, 1823)：分布于北美洲的西大西洋及北冰洋，属于是亚寒带种。
- † Limacina sculptilis (Maxwell, 1992)
- † Limacina taylori (Curry, 1965)[8]
- (recent) Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Trochiform pteropod. Distribution: North America, Western Atlantic, Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1 mm.
- † Limacina valvatina (Reuss, 1867)[7]
- † Limacina? vegrandis Cahuzac & Janssen, 2010[7]
下列物种皆为同种异名：
- (recent) Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854::[9]synonym of Limacina rangii f. antarctica Woodward, 1854: synonym of Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
- Limacina balea Møller, 1841: synonym of Limacina retroversa (Fleming, 1823)
- Limacina contorta Sykes, 1905: synonym of Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1834)
- Limacina crossei Pelseneer, 1888: synonym of Limacina lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1835)
- Limacina cucullata Gould, 1852: synonym of Limacina rangii f. antarctica Woodward, 1854: synonym of Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
- Limacina helicialis Lamarck, 1819: synonym of Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)
- (recent) Limacina helicoides Jeffreys, 1877 - synonym of Thielea helicoides (Jeffreys, 1877)
- (recent) Limacina inflata (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Planorbid pteropod. Distribution: circumglobal, Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1 mm. Description: the shell is flatly twisted, resembling the shell of the cephalopod Nautilus. - synonym: Heliconoides inflata (d’Orbigny, 1836)
- Limacina naticoides Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1834)
- Limacina pacifica Dall, 1871: synonym of Limacina helicina pacifica Dall, 1871
- Limacina scaphoidea Gould, 1852: synonym of Heliconoides inflatus (d'Orbigny, 1834)
参考文献
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