类音[1]
|
发音 |
示例
|
英语辅音
|
p
|
pʰ, p
|
pen, spin, tip
|
b
|
b
|
but, web
|
t
|
tʰ, t, ɾ, ʔ[2]
|
two, sting, bet
|
d
|
d, ɾ[3]
|
do, odd
|
t͡ʃ
|
t͡ʃʰ, t͡ʃ
|
chair, nature, teach
|
d͡ʒ
|
d͡ʒ
|
gin, joy, edge
|
k
|
kʰ, k
|
cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick
|
ɡ
|
ɡ
|
go, get, beg
|
f
|
f
|
fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
|
v
|
v
|
voice, have, of, edelweiss
|
θ
|
θ, t̪[4]
|
thing, teeth
|
ð
|
ð, d̪[5]
|
this, breathe, father
|
s
|
s
|
see, city, pass
|
z
|
z
|
zoo, rose
|
ʃ
|
ʃ
|
she, sure, session, emotion, leash
|
ʒ
|
ʒ
|
pleasure, beige, equation, seizure, Zabrze, Jacques
|
x
|
x
|
loch (Scottish)[6], ugh [7]
|
h
|
h, ɦ,[8] ç[9]
|
ham, Juanita
|
m
|
m, ɱ[10]
|
man, ham
|
n
|
n
|
no, tin
|
ŋ
|
ŋ
|
ringer, sing,[11] finger, drink
|
l
|
l, ɫ,[12] ɤ[13] w, o, ʊ[14]
|
left, bell, able, cancel
|
r
|
ɹʷ, ɹ, ɾ[15]
|
run, very
|
w
|
w
|
we, queen
|
j
|
j
|
yes, nyala
|
hw
|
ʍ, w[16]
|
what
|
|
罕见的辅音
|
x
|
x
|
ugh, loch, Chanukah[17]
|
ʔ
|
ʔ
|
uh-oh
|
|
非重读元音[18]
|
ə
|
非重读的 /ʌ, æ, ɑː, ɒ/
|
ɪ̈ (ə)
|
非重读的 /ɪ, iː, ɛ, eɪ, aɪ/
|
ʊ̈ (ə)
|
非重读的 /ʊ, uː/
|
ɵ (ə)
|
非重读的 /oʊ/
|
ɚ (ə)
|
非重读的 /ɜr, ɑr, ɔr/
|
英语元音及双元音
|
类音[1]
|
AuE[19]
|
CaE
|
GA[20][21][22]
|
InE[23]
|
IrE[24]
|
NZE[25][22]
|
RP[26][27]
|
ScE[28]
|
SAE[29][30]
|
SSE
|
WaE[31]
|
同类词汇
|
示例
|
æ
|
æ, æː[32]
|
æ, eə~ɛə[33]
|
æ~ɛ
|
ɑ~a~æ
|
ɛ
|
æ~a
|
ɐ̟
|
a~æ~ɛ
|
ɛ[34]
|
a
|
TRAP
|
lad, bad, cat[35]
|
ɑː / æ
|
äː
|
äː
|
ɐː
|
ɑː
|
äː~ɑː~ ɒː~ɔː
|
ɑ[36]
|
BATH
|
pass, path, sample
|
ɑː
|
ɑ~ɒ
|
ɑ~ä
|
ɑː
|
aː
|
PALM
|
father
|
ɒ
|
ɔ
|
ɒ~ä
|
ɑ
|
ɔ
|
ɒ~ɔ
|
ɔ
|
ɒ̈~ʌ̈
|
ɔ
|
ɒ
|
LOT
|
not, wasp
|
ɒ~ɔ~ɑ[37]
|
ɒ̈~ʌ̈, ɔː~oː
|
CLOTH
|
off, loss, cloth, long, dog, chocolate[38]
|
ɔː
|
oː
|
ɒː
|
ɔː
|
oː
|
oː
|
ɔː~oː
|
ɒː
|
THOUGHT
|
law, caught, all, halt, talk
|
ə
|
ə
|
ə
|
ə
|
ə
|
ɘ
|
ə
|
ə
|
ə
|
COMMA
|
about
|
ɨ
|
ɪ̈
|
|
ɪ
|
ɨ
|
|
ɨ
|
KIT
|
spotted
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ~i, ə[39]
|
i, ɪ
|
ɪ
|
sit
|
i
|
i
|
i
|
|
|
i
|
ɪj
|
e, i
|
iˑ
|
i
|
iː
|
HAPPY
|
city
|
iː
|
ɪi̯
|
i
|
iː
|
iː
|
ɘi̯
|
ɪj
|
i
|
iː
|
FLEECE
|
see
|
eː
|
meat
|
eɪ
|
æɪ̯
|
eɪ̯~e
|
eː
|
æe̯
|
ɛɪ̯
|
e
|
eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯~ æɪ̯~äɪ̯~ ʌɪ̯
|
e[40]
|
eː
|
FACE
|
date
|
ei
|
day, pain, whey, rein
|
ɛ
|
e
|
ɛ
|
e~ɪ
|
e~ɛ
|
ɛ
|
ɛ~e~ɪ
|
ɛ, e[41]
|
ɛ
|
DRESS
|
bed[42]
|
ɜr
|
ɵː(ɹ)~ ɘː(ɹ)
|
ɝ~ɹ̩
|
ɜː(ɾ)~äɾ
|
ɔɹ~ʊɹ[43]
|
ɵː(ɹ)~ ø̞̈ː(ɹ)~ œ̈ː(ɹ)
|
əː(ɹ)~ ɜː(ɹ)
|
ʌɾ[43]
|
ø̈ː(ɹ)~ ø̞̈ː(ɹ)~ əː(ɹ)
|
ə(ɹ)
|
ɜː(ɾ)
|
NURSE
|
burn
|
ɛɹ[43]
|
ɛɾ[43]
|
herd, earth
|
ɪɹ[43]
|
ɪɾ[43]
|
bird
|
ər
|
ə(ɹ)
|
ɚ~ɹ̩
|
ə(ɾ)
|
ɚ~ɹ̩
|
ɘ(ɹ)
|
ə(ɹ)
|
əɾ
|
ə(ɹ)
|
ə(ɾ)
|
LETTER
|
winner, donor, massacre[44]
|
类音[1]
|
AuE
|
CaE
|
GA
|
InE
|
IrE
|
NZE
|
RP
|
ScE
|
SAE
|
SSE
|
WaE
|
同类词汇
|
示例
|
ʌ
|
ä
|
ʌ
|
ʌ̈~ɐ̝
|
ə~ɜ
|
ɞ, ʊ
|
ɐ
|
ə ~ ʌ ~ ɑ [45]
|
ʌ
|
ɐ~ä
|
ɑ, ʌ
|
ə~ɜ
|
STRUT
|
run, won, flood
|
ʊ
|
ʊ
|
ʊ~ɵ̠
|
ʊ~ɵ̠
|
ʉ
|
ʊ~ʊ̈
|
u
|
ʊ
|
FOOT
|
put
|
uː
|
hood
|
uː
|
ʉː
|
u̟
|
uː
|
ʉː
|
ɵu̯
|
u̟ː~ʉː~ yː
|
uː
|
GOOSE
|
through, you
|
ɪu[46]
|
threw, yew
|
juː
|
jʉː
|
(j)u̟
|
juː
|
jʉː
|
ju̟ː~jʉː
|
jʉ
|
ju̟ː~jʉː~ jyː
|
ju
|
cute, dew, ewe
|
aɪ
|
ɑe̯~ɑɪ̯
|
aɪ̯, ɐɪ̯~ʌɪ̯][47]
|
äɪ̯
|
ɔɪ̯
|
ɐe̯
|
ɑɪ̯
|
əi̯~ae̯
|
äɪ̯~äː~ ɑɪ̯~ɑ̟ː
|
ai̯, ɑ[48]
|
ai̯
|
PRICE
|
my, wise, high
flight, mice
|
ɔɪ
|
oɪ̯
|
ɔɪ̯
|
ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯
|
ɒɪ̯
|
ɒɪ̯~oɪ̯
|
oe̯
|
oɪ̯
|
oi̯
|
ɔɪ̯~ɒɪ̯
|
ɔi̯
|
ɒi̯
|
CHOICE
|
boy, hoist
|
oʊ
|
əʉ̯~ɐʉ̯
|
oʊ̯~o
|
oː
|
ɑʉ̯
|
əʊ̯
|
o
|
ɛʊ̯~œʊ̯~ œʉ̯~œɤ̯̈~ œː~ʌʊ̯
|
o[40]
|
oː
|
GOAT
|
no, toe, soap
|
ou̯
|
tow, folk
|
ɔʊ̯
|
o~oə̯~oʊ̯
|
ɔʊ̯
|
əʊ̯~ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯
|
|
soul, roll, cold
|
aʊ
|
æɔ̯~æʊ̯
|
äʊ̯, ʌu̯[47]
|
äʊ̯~æʊ̯
|
äʊ̯
|
æu̯~ɛu̯
|
æɔ̯
|
au̯
|
ɘʉ̯
|
äʊ̯~äː~ æʊ̯
|
au̯
|
MOUTH
|
now, trout
|
ɑr
|
äː(ɹ)
|
ɑɹ
|
äː(ɾ)
|
aːɹ~
äːɹ
|
ɐː(ɹ)
|
ɑː(ɹ)
|
ɐ̟ɾ
|
äː(ɹ)~ɑː(ɹ)~ ɒː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)
|
ɑ(ɹ)
|
aː(ɾ)
|
START
|
arm, car
|
ɪər
|
ɪː(ɹ)~ ɪː.ä(ɹ)
|
ɪɹ
|
iɹ~ iə̯ɹ
|
ɪə̯(ɾ)~ iː(ɾ)
|
iːɹ
|
iə̯(ɹ)~ ɪə̯(ɹ)
|
ɪə̯(ɹ)~ ɪː(ɹ)
|
iɾ
|
ɪə̯(ɹ)~ ɪː(ɹ)
|
jə(ɹ)
|
ɪə̯(ɾ)
|
NEAR
|
deer, here
|
ɛər
|
eː(ɹ)~ eː.ä(ɹ)
|
ɛɹ
|
ɛ(ə̯)ɹ~ eɹ
|
ɛə̯(ɾ)~ eː(ɾ)
|
eːɹ
|
iə̯(ɹ)~ eə̯(ɹ)
|
ɛə̯(ɹ)~ ɛː(ɹ)[49]
|
eɾ
|
ɛə̯(ɹ)~ ɛː(ɹ)~ eː(ɹ)
|
ɛ(ɹ)
|
ɛː(ɾ)
|
SQUARE
|
mare, there, bear
|
ɔr
|
oː(ɹ)
|
ɔɹ
|
ɔɹ~oɹ
|
ɒː(ɾ)
|
ɑɹ
|
oː(ɹ)
|
oː(ɹ)
|
ɔɾ
|
ɔː(ɹ)~ oː(ɹ)
|
ɔ(ɹ)
|
ɒː(ɾ)
|
NORTH
|
sort, warm
|
ɔər
|
oːɹ
|
oɾ
|
oː(ɾ)
|
FORCE
|
tore, boar, port
|
ʊər
|
ʉː.ə(ɹ)~ oː(ɹ)
|
ʊɹ
|
ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ
|
ʊə̯(ɾ)~ uː(ɾ)
|
uːɹ, oːɹ
|
ʊɐ̯(ɹ) ʉː.ɐ(ɹ)
|
ɵː(ɹ)~ oː(ɹ)[50]
|
uɾ
|
ʊə̯(ɹ)~ oː(ɹ)
|
wə(ɹ)
|
ʊə̯(ɾ)
|
CURE
|
tour, moor
|
jʊər
|
jʉː.ə(ɹ)~ joː(ɹ)
|
jʊɹ, jɝ
|
jʊə̯(ɾ)~ juː(ɾ)
|
juɹ, joːɹ
|
jʊɐ̯(ɹ), jʉː.ɐ(ɹ)
|
jɵː(ɹ)~ joː(ɹ)
|
juɾ
|
jʊə̯(ɹ), joː(ɹ)
|
jɔ(ɹ)
|
ɪʊə̯(ɾ)
|
pure, Europe
|
类音[1]
|
AuE
|
CaE
|
GA
|
InE
|
IrE
|
NZE
|
RP
|
ScE
|
SAE
|
SSE
|
WaE
|
同类词汇
|
示例
|
|