苏美贸易公司

Amtorg Trading Corporation
Amtorg Trading Corporation
	第五大道261号，1929年至1941年间曾是该公司总部
公司类型	垄断公司
公司结局	解散
成立	1924年5月27日，100年前，纽约市
结束	1998年6月24日
总部	美国纽约市
产业	国际贸易
所有权者	苏联政府
备注

苏美贸易公司^[2]（英语：Amtorg Trading Corporation，俄语：Амто́рг）是苏联在美国成立的一家贸易公司，隶属于苏联对外贸易人民委员部^[2]。它是苏联在美国的第一个贸易代表，1924年在纽约成立。该公司垄断了苏美之间的进出口商品^[2]。

事实速览 Amtorg Trading Corporation, 公司类型 ...

关闭

其第一个总部最初位于曼哈顿百老汇165号^[3]^[4]。此外，它在美国其他城市也设有分支机构，如芝加哥、底特律、洛杉矶、旧金山和西雅图^[5]。

5 sources

历史

公司于1924年在纽约成立，由阿莫德·哈默的联合美国公司（Allied American Corporation）、商品交换公司（Products Exchange Corporation）和全俄罗斯合作社美国分社（Arcos-America Inc.）合并而成。^[6]^[7]

1927年至1930年，在索尔·布龙和彼得·波格丹诺夫的领导下，公司发展壮大，拥有100多名员工。^[8]

冷战时期，公司业务收缩，但并没有停业，仍保留了骨干员工^[4]。然而，公司没能撑过苏联解体，于1998年悄然消失^[9]。

4 sources

争议

1930年5月，该公司因宣传共产主义而遭到美国众议院调查^[10]，最终没有发现有力证据证明它参与了颠覆活动^[4]^[11]。但据一些消息来源称，在1933年两国建交之前，苏美贸易公司就是格鲁乌和国家政治保卫总局在美国的跳板^[12]^[13]^[14]。不过也有学者指出苏联在美国的系统情报收集活动开始于1933年，也就是苏联在华盛顿特区设立大使馆后^[15]。据帕维尔·苏多普拉托夫，该公司曾驻扎有试图窃取原子弹机密的间谍^[16]。

7 sources

参考文献

[1]
New York Department of State, Division of Corporations; DOS ID 19678
[2]
王子晖,殷亲亲. 建交前苏联对美经贸活动及其影响探析——以苏美贸易公司为中心[J]. 西伯利亚研究,2023,50(1):78-92. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0961.2023.01.007.
[3]
Metcalf, James Farol. Electric History. James Farol Metcalf. 2009 [22 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.
[4]
Zelchenko, Henry L. Stealing America's Know-How: The Story of Amtorg. American Mercury. Feb 1952, 74 (338): 75–84.
[5]
Melnikova-Raich, Sonia. The Soviet Problem with Two 'Unknowns': How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part II: Saul Bron. IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 2011, 37 (1/2): 5–28. ISSN 0160-1040. JSTOR 23757906.
[6]
Borth, Christy. Masters of Mass Production, p. 110, Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, IN, 1945.
[7]
Paul W. Blackstock. Chapter 6 Offensive and Counteroffensive: The 1927 War Scare (see section: The Arcos Raid and the Break in Diplomatic Relations). Chicago: Quadrangle Books. 1969: 132–135 [2022-06-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-07-17）.
[8]
Saul, Norman E. Historical Dictionary of United States-Russian/Soviet Relations. Scarecrow Press. 2008: 24. ISBN 9780810855373. OCLC 230802271.
[9]
Ivanian, E. A. Entsiklopedia rossiisko-amerikanskikh otnoshenii XVIII-XX veka. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. 2001. ISBN 9785713310455. OCLC 48857764 （俄语）.
[10]
Investigation of communist propaganda. Hearings before a Special committee to investigate communist activities in the United States of the House of Representatives, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1930-31. OCLC 739254 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
[11]
Siegel, Katherine A S. Loans and Legitimacy: the Evolution of Soviet-American Relations, 1919-1933. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. 2015: 134, 184, note 8. ISBN 9780813161334. OCLC 900344942.
[12]
Verdon, Rachel. Murder By Madness 9/11. Rachel Verdon. 2007: 85 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 978-1-4196-8022-9.
[13]
Ropes, E. C., American-Soviet Trade Relations, Russian Review, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Autumn 1943), p. 91
[14]
Rafalko, Frank J., A Counterintelligence Reader （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Vol. III, Chapter 1, pp. 21-22
[15]
Mukhin M. Yu. "Amtorg: Nelegal'noe torgpredstvo," Poligon, no. 2 (2000), pp. 31–34
[16]
Sudoplatov, Pavel. Special Tasks. Little, Brown and Company. 1 April 1994: 217. ISBN 978-0316773522.

[1] [1]
New York Department of State, Division of Corporations; DOS ID 19678

[西伯利亚-2] [2]
王子晖,殷亲亲. 建交前苏联对美经贸活动及其影响探析——以苏美贸易公司为中心[J]. 西伯利亚研究,2023,50(1):78-92. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0961.2023.01.007.

[metcalf-3] [3]
Metcalf, James Farol. Electric History. James Farol Metcalf. 2009 [22 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.

[Zelchenko-4] [4]
Zelchenko, Henry L. Stealing America's Know-How: The Story of Amtorg. American Mercury. Feb 1952, 74 (338): 75–84.

[5] [5]
Melnikova-Raich, Sonia. The Soviet Problem with Two 'Unknowns': How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part II: Saul Bron. IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 2011, 37 (1/2): 5–28. ISSN 0160-1040. JSTOR 23757906.

[6] [6]
Borth, Christy. Masters of Mass Production, p. 110, Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, IN, 1945.

[RussiaHouseARCOS-7] [7]
Paul W. Blackstock. Chapter 6 Offensive and Counteroffensive: The 1927 War Scare (see section: The Arcos Raid and the Break in Diplomatic Relations). Chicago: Quadrangle Books. 1969: 132–135 [2022-06-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-07-17）.

[8] [8]
Saul, Norman E. Historical Dictionary of United States-Russian/Soviet Relations. Scarecrow Press. 2008: 24. ISBN 9780810855373. OCLC 230802271.

[Ivanian-9] [9]
Ivanian, E. A. Entsiklopedia rossiisko-amerikanskikh otnoshenii XVIII-XX veka. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. 2001. ISBN 9785713310455. OCLC 48857764 （俄语）.

[10] [10]
Investigation of communist propaganda. Hearings before a Special committee to investigate communist activities in the United States of the House of Representatives, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1930-31. OCLC 739254 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[11] [11]
Siegel, Katherine A S. Loans and Legitimacy: the Evolution of Soviet-American Relations, 1919-1933. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. 2015: 134, 184, note 8. ISBN 9780813161334. OCLC 900344942.

[12] [12]
Verdon, Rachel. Murder By Madness 9/11. Rachel Verdon. 2007: 85 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 978-1-4196-8022-9.

[13] [13]
Ropes, E. C., American-Soviet Trade Relations, Russian Review, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Autumn 1943), p. 91

[14] [14]
Rafalko, Frank J., A Counterintelligence Reader （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Vol. III, Chapter 1, pp. 21-22

[15] [15]
Mukhin M. Yu. "Amtorg: Nelegal'noe torgpredstvo," Poligon, no. 2 (2000), pp. 31–34

[Sudoplatov-16] [16]
Sudoplatov, Pavel. Special Tasks. Little, Brown and Company. 1 April 1994: 217. ISBN 978-0316773522.

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