粪锈伞科（学名：Bolbitiaceae），也称粪伞科，是担子菌门伞菌目的一个科，于1948年由洛夫·辛格定义[1]。截至2008年共有17个属，包含287个物种[2]。本科物种的蕈伞表面具有由拟子实层型（hymenoderm）的菌盖皮。蕈伞形状为圆形至钟形，质地脆弱，颜色则白色、浅黄、褐色与棕色皆有，蕈柄一般为细长形，有些基部稍微膨大，某些物种具有内盖膜。担孢子为黄棕色、肉桂色或红褐色，顶部有萌发孔，表面平滑或有饰物。[3]。许多属的子实体形状与小菇属的种类相似。
2002年一篇大规模的种系发生学研究以核糖体大次单元的基因序列分析伞菌目下各类群的亲缘关系，结果显示粪锈伞科与疣孢斑褶菇属、花褶伞属等斑褶菇亚科（Panaeoloideae）的类群关系较为接近[4]。
下级分类
本科包括以下属：
- 田头菇属 Agrogaster D.A.Reid, 1986
- 粪锈伞属 Bolbitius Fr.
- 锥盖伞属 Conocybe Fayod, 1889
- Cyphellopus Fayod
- Cyttarophyllopsis R.Heim, 1968
- Descolea Singer, 1952
- Descomyces Bougher & Castellano
- Galerella Earle
- 胄腹菌属 Galeropsis Velen.
- Gastrocybe Watling
- Gymnoglossum Massee, 1891
- 疣孢斑褶菇属 Panaeolina Maire
- 斑褶菇属 Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél., 1872
- Pholiotella Speg.
- Pholiotina Fayod
- Pholiotina alba (Enderle) Hauskn. & Enderle
- Pholiotina altoandina Singer
- Pholiotina arnoldsii Hauskn.
- Pholiotina atrocyanea Esteve-Rav., Hauskn. & Rejos
- Pholiotina blattaria (Fr.) Fayod
- Pholiotina caricicola Singer
- Pholiotina cyanopus (G.F.Atk.) Singer
- Pholiotina cyanopus G.F.Atk.
- Pholiotina dasypus (Romagn.) P.-A.Moreau
- Pholiotina estevei Hauskn., 2011
- Pholiotina flava (Peck) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr
- Pholiotina galerinoides Contu
- Pholiotina glutinosa E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina gracilenta (Watling & G.M.Taylor) J.A.Cooper
- Pholiotina indica K.A.Thomas, Hauskn. & Manim.
- Pholiotina longistipitata E.F.Malysheva & Kiyashko
- Pholiotina maireiaffinis Singer
- Pholiotina mediterranea Siquier & Salom
- Pholiotina microspora Singer
- Pholiotina peronata Kühner & Maire ex Singer, 1951
- Pholiotina pilosa E.Horak, Hauskn. & Desjardin
- Pholiotina pleurocystidiata Hauskn. & Krisai
- Pholiotina plumbeitincta (G.F.Atk.) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr
- Pholiotina pseudoampullaceocystis Karich
- Pholiotina resinosocystidiata E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina rimosa (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrček
- Pholiotina rostraticystidiata E.Ludw.
- Pholiotina sphagnicola [5]
- Pholiotina striipes (Cooke) Singer
- Pholiotina sulcata Arnolds & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina teneroides (J.E.Lange) Singer
- Pholiotina veregregia Contu
- Pholiotina vesiculosa E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina viscidula Contu
- Pluteolus (Fr.) Gillet, 1876
- Ptychella Roze & Boudier, 1879
- Rhodoarrhenia Singer, 1964
- Setchelliogaster Pouzar
- Timgrovea Bougher & Castellano, 1993
- Tubariella E.Horak & Hausknecht, 2002
- Tubariopsis R.Heim, 1931
- Tympanella E.Horak, 1971
- Wielandomyces J.Raithelhuber, 1988
参考资料
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