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旬星(英语:Decan,/ˈdɛkənz/;埃及语“bƫktw”或“baktiu”,“与工作有关的”[1])是古埃及天文学中使用的36组恒星(小星座),用于方便地将360度黄道划分为36个部分,每个部分10度,既用于神通术也用于偕日升计时学目的。在地球每天的自转过程中,每个旬星都以地心说的管道在地平线上连续升起。每个旬星 的上升标志着古埃及人夜晚新的小时(希腊语“hōra”)的开始,至少从第九或第十王朝(公元前2100年左右)开始,它们就被用作恒星钟。
因为每十天也会出现一个新的旬星(也就是说,每十天,在太阳升起前的黎明时分,在一段时间被太阳的光线遮挡后,一组新的旬星恒星群会在东方天空中重新出现),古希腊人称之为“decanoi”(δεκανοί; pl. of δεκανός“dekanos”)或“十分之一”。
根据星座的拟人化模式,旬星让位于27或28个月球站。
西方的黄道带 | 旬星 | 由于岁差导致旬星在古代的原始位置 | 古埃及 (巴奇)[5] |
希腊-埃及[5][6] | 《所罗门之约》[6][7][8] | 阿里斯托布鲁斯的名称[9] | 希腊 赫密士主义[6][10][11] | 拉丁赫密士主义[6][11][12] | 费尔米库斯[6] | 科斯马斯[6][13] | 斯卡利杰[6] | 基尔学[6][14] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
白羊宫 | 1 | 28 |
|
Χont-har |
Rhyax or Ruax | Bendonc | Chenlachori | Aulathamas | Senator or Asiccan | Aidoneus | Asiccan | Arueris (ⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣⲓⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
2 | 29 |
|
Xont-χre |
Barsafael | Mensour | Chontaret | Sabaoth | Senacher or Asenter | Persephone | Senacher | Anubis (ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ) | |||||||||||||||
3 | 30 |
|
Si-ket |
Artosael or Arôtosael | Carexon | Siket | Disornafais | Sentacher or Asentacer | Eros | Acentacer | Horus (ⲱⲣⲟⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
金牛宫 | 4 | 31 |
|
Xau |
Horopel | Gisan | Soou | Jaus | Suo or Asicat | Charis | Asicath | Serapis (ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲓⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
5 | 32 |
|
Arat |
Kairoxanondalon or Iudal | Tourtour | Aron | Sarnotois | Aryo or Ason | die Horen | Viroaso | Helitomenos (ⲉⲗⲓⲧⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
6 | 33 |
|
Remen-hare |
Sphendonael | Ballat | Rhomenos | Erchmubris | Romanae or Arfa | Litai | Aharph | Apopis (ⲁⲡⲱⲡⲓⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
双子宫 | 7 | 34 |
|
Θosalk |
Sphandor | Farsan | Xocha | Manuchos | Thesogar or Tensogar | Thetys | Thesogar | Tautus (ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲑ) | ||||||||||||||
8 | 35 |
|
Uaret |
Belbel | Vaspan | Ouari | Samurois | Ver or Asuae | Kybele | Verasua | Cyclops (ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲯ) | |||||||||||||||
9 | 36 |
|
Phu-hor |
Kourtael or Kurtaêl | Parquia | Pepisoth | Azuel | Tepis or Atosoae | Praxidike | Tepisatosoa | Titan (ⲧⲓⲧⲁⲛ) | |||||||||||||||
37 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
巨蟹宫 | 10 | 1 (= 0' Cancer) |
|
ⲥⲱⲑⲓⲥ Sopdet |
Metathiax | Panem | Sotheir | Seneptois | Sothis or Socius | Nike | Sothis | Apollun (ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲛ) | ||||||||||||||
11 | 2 |
|
Seta |
Katanikotael | Catarno | Ouphisit | Somachalmais | Sith | Herakles | Syth | Hecate (ⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏ) | |||||||||||||||
12 | 3 |
|
Knum |
Saphthorael or Saphathoraél | Hellors | Chnouphos | Charmine | Thiumis or Thumus | Hekate | Thuimis | Mercophta (ⲙⲉⲣⲕⲟⲫϯ) | |||||||||||||||
狮子宫 | 13 | 4 |
|
Χar-Knum |
Phobothel or Bobêl | Jarea | Chnoumos | Zaloias | Craumonis or Afruicois | Hephaistos | Aphruimis | Typhon (ⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲉⲟⲩⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
14 | 5 |
|
Ha-tet |
Leroel or Kumeatêl | Effraa | Ipi | Zachor | Sic | Isis | Sithacer | Peroeus (ⲡⲉⲣⲟⲉⲟⲩⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
15 | 6 |
|
Phu-Tet |
Soubetti | Hayas | Phatiti | Frich | Futile or Eisie | Sarapis | Phuonisie | Nephthe (ⲛⲉⲫⲑⲏ) | |||||||||||||||
室女宫 | 16 | 7 |
|
Tom |
Katrax or Atrax | Angaf | Athoum | Zamendres | Thumis or Thinnis | Themis | Thumi | Isis (ⲓⲥⲓⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
17 | 8 |
|
Uste-bikot |
Jeropa or Ieropaêl | Bethapen | Brysous | Magois | Tophicus or Tropicus | Moirai | Thopitus | Piosiris (ⲡⲓⲟⲥⲓⲣⲓⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
18 | 9 |
|
Aposot |
Modobel or Buldumêch | Baroche | Amphatham | Michulais | Afut or Asuth | Hestia | Aphut | Cronus (ⲕⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
天秤宫 | 19 | 10 |
|
Sob‿χos |
Madero or Naôth | Zercuris | Sphoukou | Psineus | Seuichut or Senichut | Erinys | Serucuth | Zeuda (ⲍⲉⲟⲩⲇⲁ) | ||||||||||||||
20 | 11 |
|
Tpa-χont |
Nathotho or Marderô | Baham | Nephthimes | Chusthisis | Sepisent or Atebenus | Kairos | Aterechinis | Omphta (ⲟⲙⲫϯ) | |||||||||||||||
21 | 12 |
|
Xont-har |
Alath | Pieret | Phou | Psamiatois | Senta or Atepiten | Loimos | Arpien | Ophionius (ⲟⲫⲓⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
天蝎宫 | 22 | 13 |
|
Spt-χne |
Audameoth | Haziza | Name | Necbeuos | Sentacer or Asente | Nymphs | Sentacer | Arimanius (ⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓⲟⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
23 | 14 |
|
Sesme |
Nefthada | Nacy | Oustichos | Turmantis | Tepsisen or Asentatir | Leto | Tepiseuth | Merota (ⲙⲉⲣⲱϯ) | |||||||||||||||
24 | 15 |
|
Si-sesme |
Akton | Alleinac | Aphebis | Psermes | Sentineu or Aterceni(-cem) | Kairos (repeated) | Senicer | Panotragus (ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
人马宫 | 25 | 16 |
|
Hre-ua |
Anatreth | Ortusa | Sebos | Clinothois | Eregbuo or Ergbuo | Loimos (repeated) | Eregbuo | Tolmophta (ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲟⲫϯ) | ||||||||||||||
26 | 17 |
|
Sesme |
Enautha or Enenuth | Daha | Teuchmos | Thursois | Sagon | Kore | Sagen | Tomras (ⲧⲟⲙⲣⲁⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
27 | 18 |
|
Konime |
Axesbyth or Phêth | Satan | Chthisar | Renethis | Chenene or Chenem | Ananke | Chenen | Teraph (ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲫ) | |||||||||||||||
摩羯宫 | 28 | 19 |
|
Smat |
Hapax or Harpax | Eracto | Tair | Renpsois | Themeso | Asklepios | Themeso | Soda (ⲥⲱⲇⲁ) | ||||||||||||||
29 | 20 |
|
Srat |
Anoster | Salac | Epitek | Manethois | Epiemu or Epimen | Hygieia | Epima | Riruphta (ⲣⲓⲣⲟⲩⲫϯ) | |||||||||||||||
30 | 21 |
|
Si-srat |
Physikoreth or Alleborith | Seros | Epichnaus | Marcois | Omot | Tolma | Homoth | Monuphta (ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲩⲫϯ) | |||||||||||||||
宝瓶宫 | 31 | 22 |
|
Tpa-χu |
Aleureth or Hephesimireth | Tonghel | Isi | Ularis | Oro or Asoer | Dike | Oroasoer | Brondeus (ⲃⲣⲟⲛⲇⲉⲟⲩⲥ) | ||||||||||||||
32 | 23 |
|
Xu |
Ichthion | Anafa | Sosomo | Luxois | Cratero or Astiro | Phobos | Astiro | Vucula (ⲃⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲗⲁ) | |||||||||||||||
33 | 24 |
|
Tpa-Biu |
Achoneoth or Agchoniôn | Simos | Chonoumous | Crauxes | Tepis or Amasiero | Osiris | Tepisatras | Proteus (ⲡⲣⲟⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥ) | |||||||||||||||
双鱼宫 | 34 | 25 |
|
Biu |
Autoth or Autothith | Achaf | Tetimo | Fambais | Acha or Atapiac | Okeanos | Archatapias | Rephan (ⲣⲉⲫⲁⲛ) | ||||||||||||||
35 | 26 |
|
Xont-Har |
Phtheneoth or Phthenoth | Larvata | Sopphi | Flugmois | Tepibui or Tepabiu | Dolus | Thopibui | Sourut (ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲧ) | |||||||||||||||
36 | 27 |
|
Tpi-biu |
Bianakith | Ajaras | Syro | Piatris | Uiu or Aatexbui | Elpis | Atembui | Phallophorus (ⲫⲁⲗⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ) |
在印度,将黄道带划分为36个十度部分被称为drekkana(drekkāṇa)、dreshkana(drekkana)或drikana(dṛkā̇a)[15]。
德雷卡纳斯(英语:drekkanas)的肖像和使用最早由舒吉迪瓦亚在亚瓦纳贾塔卡中提及(269–270 CE),伐罗诃密希罗在他的布里哈特 · 萨希塔中给予了详细的论述and(550 CE)。现代学者认为,旬星是通过希腊人传入印度的,希腊人是从埃及人那里了解到它们的[16]。
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