收敛酸铅

收敛酸铅
	IUPAC名; Lead(II) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-bis(olate)
别名	Tricinat
识别
CAS号	15245-44-0
PubChem	61789
ChemSpider	55674
SMILES	c1c(c(c(c(c1[N+](=O)[O-])[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[O-])[N+](=O)[O-].[Pb+2];
InChI	1/C6H3N3O8.Pb/c10-5-2(7(12)13)1-3(8(14)15)6(11)4(5)9(16)17;/h1,10-11H;/q;+2/p-2;
InChIKey	WETZJIOEDGMBMA-NUQVWONBAY
UN编号	0130
性质
化学式	C6HN3O8Pb
摩尔质量	450.288 g·mol⁻¹
密度	3.07 g cm−3（α）; 3.01 g cm−3（β）
熔点	190 °C（分解）
溶解性（水）	0.6-0.9 g/L
爆炸性
撞击感度	高
摩擦感度	高
危险性
	GHS危险性符号;
GHS提示词	danger
H-术语	H200, H302, H332, H360FD, H373, H410
NFPA 704	0 4 3
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

收敛酸铅是收敛酸的铅盐，化学式 C₆HN₃O₈Pb。它是底火和雷管的成分，用于起爆感度较低的二级炸药。它微溶于水和甲醇。^[4]收敛酸铅的颜色可以从黄色变化到金色、橙色、红棕色至棕色。收敛酸铅有很多种同质异形体、水合物和碱式盐。

事实速览 收敛酸铅, 识别 ...

关闭

收敛酸铅的一水合物会形成六边形和小长方形晶体，对火和静电特别敏感。收敛酸铅不和金属反应，对撞击和摩擦的感度比雷酸汞和叠氮化铅低。即使在高温下，收敛酸铅仍然可以稳定存储。和其它铅化合物一样，收敛酸铅会导致铅中毒。

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制备

1919年，Edmund Herz首次制备收敛酸铅。在硝酸存在下，收敛酸铅可以由收敛酸镁与乙酸铅反应而成。^[5]^[4]

{C₆N₃O₈}MgH₂O + Pb(CH₃CO₂)₂ → {C₆N₃O₈}PbH₂O + Mg(CH₃CO₂)₂

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结构

收敛酸铅有两种同质异形体，α相和β相，都是单斜晶系的晶体。收敛酸铅的铅中心是七配位的，由桥接的氧原子结合，水合物的水分子则和金属配位并和收敛酸根产生氢键。晶体中很多Pb-O键都较短，显示一定的共价键性质。收敛酸根离子几乎和铅原子层平行。^[6]^[7]

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性质

收敛酸铅的标准摩尔生成焓是 −835 kJ mol⁻¹。无水的收敛酸铅的密度为2.9 g cm⁻³。收敛酸铅的颜色变化很多，原因仍然未知。^[8]它的爆速为5.2 km/s，在爆炸发生五秒后的爆炸温度为265–280 °C。^[9]

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应用

收敛酸铅主要用作小型武器弹药中的一级炸药，^[10]也用作让小型人造卫星保持轨道的推进器的底火。^[11]

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参考资料

[1]
ECHA, European Chemicals Agency Archived copy (PDF). [2014-10-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-10-22）.
[2]
Entry on Bleitrinitroresorcinat. at: Römpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, retrieved 2014-03-24.
[3]
Record of Blei-2,4,6-trinitroresorcinat in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA（英语：Institute for Occupational Safety and Health）
[4]
Boileau, Jacques; Fauquignon, Claude; Hueber, Bernard; Meyer, Hans H., Explosives, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009-04-15, doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_143.pub2
[5]
J.R. Payne. Thermochmistry of lead styphnate. Thermochimica Acta. 1994, 242: 13–21. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(94)85003-8.
[6]
Pierce-Butler, M.A. The structure of the lead salt of 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol monohydrate (alpha-polymorph). Acta Crystallogr. 1984, 40: 63–65. doi:10.1107/S0108270184003036.
[7]
Pierce-Butler, M.A. Structures of the barium salt of 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol monohydrate and the isomorphous lead salt (beta-polymorph). Acta Crystallogr. 1982, 38 (12): 3100–3104. doi:10.1107/S0567740882010966.
[8]
Robert Matyáš; Ji í Pachman. Primary Explosives. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013. ISBN 978-3-642-28435-9. S2CID 199492549. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6.
[9]
Hyman Henkin; Russell McGill. Rates of Explosive Decomposition of Explosives. Experimental and Theoretical Kinetic Study as a Function of Temperature. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44 (6): 1391–1395. doi:10.1021/ie50510a054.
[10]
Gray, Theodore. Flash Bang. Popular Science. 2009 [2022-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
[11]
Daniel W. Youngner; et al. MEMS Mega-pixel Micro-thruster Arrays for Small Satellite Stationkeeping. Honeywell Technology 14th Annual/USU Conference on Small Satellites. 2000 [2022-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.

外部链接

National Pollutant Inventory - Lead and Lead Compounds Fact Sheet

[1] [1]
ECHA, European Chemicals Agency Archived copy (PDF). [2014-10-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-10-22）.

[roempp-2] [2]
Entry on Bleitrinitroresorcinat. at: Römpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, retrieved 2014-03-24.

[GESTIS-3] [3]
Record of Blei-2,4,6-trinitroresorcinat in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA（英语：Institute for Occupational Safety and Health）

[:0-4] [4]
Boileau, Jacques; Fauquignon, Claude; Hueber, Bernard; Meyer, Hans H., Explosives, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009-04-15, doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_143.pub2

[5] [5]
J.R. Payne. Thermochmistry of lead styphnate. Thermochimica Acta. 1994, 242: 13–21. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(94)85003-8.

[6] [6]
Pierce-Butler, M.A. The structure of the lead salt of 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol monohydrate (alpha-polymorph). Acta Crystallogr. 1984, 40: 63–65. doi:10.1107/S0108270184003036.

[7] [7]
Pierce-Butler, M.A. Structures of the barium salt of 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol monohydrate and the isomorphous lead salt (beta-polymorph). Acta Crystallogr. 1982, 38 (12): 3100–3104. doi:10.1107/S0567740882010966.

[8] [8]
Robert Matyáš; Ji í Pachman. Primary Explosives. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013. ISBN 978-3-642-28435-9. S2CID 199492549. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6.

[9] [9]
Hyman Henkin; Russell McGill. Rates of Explosive Decomposition of Explosives. Experimental and Theoretical Kinetic Study as a Function of Temperature. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44 (6): 1391–1395. doi:10.1021/ie50510a054.

[10] [10]
Gray, Theodore. Flash Bang. Popular Science. 2009 [2022-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.

[11] [11]
Daniel W. Youngner; et al. MEMS Mega-pixel Micro-thruster Arrays for Small Satellite Stationkeeping. Honeywell Technology 14th Annual/USU Conference on Small Satellites. 2000 [2022-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.

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