女家庭教师

女家庭教师（Governess）是西方一类受个人雇佣以教育儿童的职业，她们不会像保姆一样为受教者的生活琐事操劳，而是为学龄儿童提供专门的教育^[1]，即所谓的3R（阅读、写作和算术，英语作reading、writing、arithmetic）^[2]。雇佣女家庭教师曾流行于西方上流社会中，这些家长不太倾向于将年幼的孩子送到寄宿学校读书。但在孩子的年龄足够大时，他们仍会被送往学校，或者换男性的导师来辅导。

蕾贝卡·所罗门1851年作品《女家庭教师》（The Governess）

在现代社会，这一职业已经式微，但在一些皇室或极其富有的家庭中仍存在^[3][4][5]。

参见

• 保太后：北魏的褓姆太后。
• 教养嬷嬷：清朝时负责教育皇子女的妇女。
• 训育尚宫：朝鲜王朝时负责教导王子、王女的尚宫
• 女房（日语：女房）
• 傅母
• 闺塾师

参考文献

1. A Governess's Duties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).
2. McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler. Life in Old Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous Stories. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. 1907: 241.
3. Ellis, Phyllis. Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family. London: Eye Books. 2000. ISBN 1-903070-01-5.
4. Harris, Julia: A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 15 October 2004.
5. Telegraph.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Telegraph, 15 March 2009.

扩展阅读

• Brandon, Ruth: Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess. 2008
• Broughton, Trev and Ruth Symes: The Governess: An Anthology. Stroud: Sutton, 1997. ISBN 0-7509-1503-X
• Budde, Gunilla: Als Erzieherinnen in Europa unterwegs: Gouvernanten, governesses und gouvernantes, EGO – European History Online（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Mainz: Institute of European History（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2011, retrieved: 21 February 2013.
• Hughes, Kathryn: The Victorian Governess, London: Hambledon, 1993. ISBN 1-85285-002-7
• Peterson, M. Jeanne: "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society", in Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age, ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.

外部连接

• The Victorian Governess, a bibliography, at Victorian Web（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• VAM.ac.uk（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Richard Redgrave's 'The Governess' discussed at the V&A Museum.