地域大国

地域大国或称区域强权，指在国际关系中，一个在某个地理区域内拥有较大影响力的国家^[1][2]。这些国家被认为是控制某个地区安全性的关键国家^[3]，所掌握的影响力与实力能够让它们成为一地区性霸主。

3 sources

特性

地域大国通常在某个地区具有影响力，但是通常情况下，它们的影响力还不足以影响整个世界。关于地域大国的定义目前还有一定的争议，根据欧洲政治研究协会（英语：European Consortium for Political Research）的定义，“地域大国是某个地理区域内在经济上、军事上处于主导地位，拥有控制该地区能力并在世界范围内具有一定影响力的国家。它们运用自己的实力使自己成为，或强迫该地区其他国家承认自己是该地区的领导人。”^[1]

德国全球和区域研究所（German Institute of Global and Area Studies）认为地域大国必须具有以下特点：

1. 与该地区具有地缘性的联系；
2. 符合一个地域大国的形象；
3. 能够在该地区实际思想上的影响力；
4. 在人口、经济、军事、政治和意识形态上具有领先地位；
5. 很高地融入该区域；
6. 对地区性安全具有较高的掌控力；
7. 能够得到该地区其他国家，尤其是其他地域大国的接受和赞扬；
8. 能够很好地沟通地域和全球。^[2]

一些国家既可以是大国，也可以是地域大国；同样的，一些国家也可以既是中等强国，又是地域大国。

目前的地域大国

以下国家是目前已经被大多数国际关系学和政治学学者、分析师或专家所认可的地域大国。这些国家在一定程度上满足上述地域大国的标准，但是对于究竟是不是地域大国，不同的学者有不同的意见，以下并非依排名排列。

56 sources

亚洲

28 sources

东亚

•  中华人民共和国^{[4][5][6][7][8][9]}
•  日本^{[9][10][11][12]}
•  韩国^{[9][13][14][15]}

11 sources

东南亚

•  印度尼西亚^[10][16][17]
•  泰国^[16][17]

1 sources

南亚

•  印度^{[3][18][19][20][21]}
•  巴基斯坦^{[3][18][22][23]}

5 sources

中亚

•  哈萨克斯坦^[3][18][22]

1 sources

西亚

•  伊朗^{[注 1][3][18][24][22][23]}
•  以色列^{[注 2][3][24][25]}
•  沙特阿拉伯^{[注 1][3][18][26]}
•  土耳其^{[27][28][29][30]}
•  阿联酋^[31][32][33]

11 sources

欧洲

11 sources

东欧

•  俄罗斯^[9][11][34]

1 sources

西欧

•  法国^[11][35][16]
•  德国^{[11][16][36][37]}
•  英国^[11][38][39]
•  意大利^[40][41][42]
•  西班牙^[37][40][43]

10 sources

美洲

6 sources

北美洲

•  美国^[44][45]
•  加拿大^[44][45]

2 sources

中南美洲

•  墨西哥^[46][47]
•  阿根廷^[48][47]
•  巴西^[49][46][47]

4 sources

非洲

9 sources

东部非洲

•  埃塞俄比亚^[50][51]
•  苏丹^[50][51]
•  坦桑尼亚^[16][52]

3 sources

南部非洲

•  安哥拉^[53][54]
•  南非^{[3][16][52][55]}

3 sources

中部非洲

•  刚果民主共和国^[53][54]

西部非洲

•  尼日利亚^[53][54]

北部非洲

•  埃及^{[2][3][56][57]}
•  阿尔及利亚^[58]
•  摩洛哥^[56]

3 sources

大洋洲

•  澳大利亚^[59][60]

2 sources

注释

1. 波斯湾地区的区域大国
2. 黎凡特地区的区域大国

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参见

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