国际象棋开局百科（Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings），简称ECO，是《国际象棋通报》自1966年开始推出，以代码表示的国际象棋开局分类的编目索引，把所有开局分为A、B、C、D、E五大类，每一类又下分为00-99，共一百个小类，例如C89是西班牙开局马歇尔弃兵[1]。广泛运用在各种电脑软件与国际象棋棋书。
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