杓兰属（学名：Cypripedium）是兰科的一属，是一类地生草本植物。茎直立，叶片通常椭圆形至卵形，有时有黑紫色斑点。花序顶生，通常具单花或少数具2-3花；花苞片通常叶状；花朵较大；唇瓣为深囊状，球形、椭圆形或其他形状，一般有宽阔的囊口；有2枚侧生的能育雄蕊、1枚位于上方的退化雄蕊和1个位于下方的柱头；花药2室，花丝很短；退化雄蕊通常为扁平状；柱头肥厚，表面有乳突。果实为蒴果。全属约50种，主要产于东亚、北美、欧洲等温带地区和亚热带山地。大部分可作观赏植物[1]。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
- Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
- Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- 无苞杓兰 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中国)
- 杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (欧洲至日本)
- Cypripedium calcicolum – (中国)
- Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
- Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
- 白唇杓兰 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
- Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- 对叶杓兰 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
- Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
- 雅致杓兰 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊尔东部至中国)
- 毛瓣杓兰 Cypripedium fargesii – (中国)
- 华西杓兰 Cypripedium farreri – (中国)
- Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美国西部)
- 大叶杓兰 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中国)
- 黄花杓兰 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
- 台湾杓兰 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台湾)
- 玉龙杓兰 Cypripedium forrestii – (中国)
- 毛杓兰 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
- Cypripedium froschii – (中国)
- 紫点杓兰 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
- 绿花杓兰 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
- Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
- 高山杓兰 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
- Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
- 扇脉杓兰 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
- 肯塔基杓兰 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
- Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中国)
- 丽江杓兰 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
- 波密杓兰 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏东南部)
- 大花杓兰 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
- Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (云南,华南)
- 斑叶杓兰 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
- 小花杓兰 Cypripedium micranthum – (中国)
- Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
- Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
- 巴郎山杓兰 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中国)
- Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
- Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
- 离萼杓兰 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
- 皇后杓兰 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
- 宝岛杓兰 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
- 山西杓兰 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中国到日本北部)
- 四川杓兰 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中国)
- 暖地杓兰 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏东南部)
- Cypripedium taibaiense – (中国)
- 西藏杓兰 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
- 宽口杓兰 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中国西藏东南部)
- 乌蒙杓兰 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中国)
- Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
- 云南杓兰 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中国西藏东南部)
- 杂交种：
- Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
- Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
- Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
- Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
- Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄罗斯到朝鲜)
- Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
- 栽培种：
- '白多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
- '黄多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
- '帕尔维'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Parville'
- '普韦布洛'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
- '白花'皇后杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
- '沃尔特'黄花杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
- '萨宾'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Sabine'
参考资料
外部链接
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