冀县,中国历史记载最早的,在今甘肃省天水市甘谷县境内。

秦武公十年(前688年),“伐邽、冀戎,初县之[1]”,此处的、冀与一年后置的是中国最早有记载的县。当时,郡县制尚不成熟。现代学者周振鹤认为“初县之”,是“县鄙之地”。不同观点认为,“初县之”是县鄙之县向县邑之县转化过程中的“县邑之县”[2]西汉武帝时属天水郡,王莽时曾改名冀治[3]

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