β-内酰胺(英语:β-lactam)是一种四元内酰胺[1],内酰胺(Lactam)指环状的酰胺。因氨基在酰胺结构第β个碳原子上组成四元环,故称β-内酰胺。同理,若氨基在酰胺结构第γ、δ个碳原子上组成五元环、六元环,则分别称γ-内酰胺、δ-内酰胺。

青霉素的核心结构
2-氮杂环丁酮,最简单的β-内酰胺
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