緊急狀態 (愛爾蘭)

非常時刻（愛爾蘭語：Ré na Práinne / An Éigeandáil）指愛爾蘭第二次世界大戰期間的緊急狀態。^[1] 愛爾蘭在整個戰爭中保持中立。^[1] 「非常時刻」在歷史和文化評論中被用於借喻戰爭中的狀態。^[1] 1939年9月2日，愛爾蘭眾議院宣佈緊急狀態，^[2] 允許愛爾蘭議會第二天通過1939年緊急權力法案。^[3] 在緊急狀態期間，這給了政府全新的權力，包括拘禁、新聞和通信審查、政府對經濟的控制。緊急權力法案於1946年9月2日失效。^[4]^[5] 雖然緊急狀態本身並沒有在1976年9月1日之前取消，^[5] 1946年以後沒有任何緊急法律可以利用這種異常情況。

參看

Caught in a Free State – a television drama series on German wartime spies in Ireland, made by RTÉ
History of the Republic of Ireland
Minister for Supplies
Ulster Defence Volunteers
Oskar Metzke
Glimmer Man

註釋

[1]
Spelman, Greg. Ireland's Neutrality Policy in World War II: The Impact of Belligerent Pressures on the Implementation of Neutrality. UCLA Historical Journal. 2004, 20: 60–82: 60 [2018-05-17]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-15）.
[2]
Existence of National Emergency. Dáil debates (Government of Ireland). 1939-09-02, 77: No.1 p.8 cc.19–20 [15 July 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-12）.
[3]
Emergency Powers Act, 1939. Government of Ireland. 1939-09-03 [2007-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-04）.
[4]
Emergency Powers (Continuance and Amendment) Act, 1945. Government of Ireland: §4(1). 1945-07-29 [2007-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-16）. The Principal Act shall, unless previously terminated under subsection (2) of this section, continue in force until the 2nd day of September, 1946, and shall then expire unless the Oireachtas otherwise determines.
[5]
National Emergency: Motion (Resumed). Dáil debates (Government of Ireland). 1976-09-01, 292: 119–256 [2016-03-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-20）. Mr. Kelly: All the 1939 emergency legislation lapsed not later than 1946.

參考文獻

Evans, Bryce. 『Ireland during the Second World War:Farewell to Plato’s Cave (Manchester University Press, 2014).

Duggan, John P. Herr Hempel at the German Legation in Dublin 1937–1945 (Irish Academic Press) 2003 ISBN 0-7165-2746-4
Fisk, Robert In time of War: Ireland, Ulster, and the price of neutrality 1939–1945 (Gill & Macmillan) 1983 ISBN 0-7171-2411-8
Gray, Tony The Lost Years – The Emergency in Ireland 1939–45 (Little, Brown & Co) 1997 ISBN 0-316-88189-9
Girvin, Brian The Emergency: Neutral Ireland 1939–45 (Macmillan) 2006 ISBN 1-4050-0010-4
Ó Longaigh, Seosamh Emergency Law in Independent Ireland 1922–1948 (Four Courts) 2006 ISBN 1-85182-922-9

外部連結

[Spelman2004p60-1] [1]
Spelman, Greg. Ireland's Neutrality Policy in World War II: The Impact of Belligerent Pressures on the Implementation of Neutrality. UCLA Historical Journal. 2004, 20: 60–82: 60 [2018-05-17]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-15）.

[2] [2]
Existence of National Emergency. Dáil debates (Government of Ireland). 1939-09-02, 77: No.1 p.8 cc.19–20 [15 July 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-12）.

[3] [3]
Emergency Powers Act, 1939. Government of Ireland. 1939-09-03 [2007-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-04）.

[4] [4]
Emergency Powers (Continuance and Amendment) Act, 1945. Government of Ireland: §4(1). 1945-07-29 [2007-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-16）. The Principal Act shall, unless previously terminated under subsection (2) of this section, continue in force until the 2nd day of September, 1946, and shall then expire unless the Oireachtas otherwise determines.

[1976Motion-5] [5]
National Emergency: Motion (Resumed). Dáil debates (Government of Ireland). 1976-09-01, 292: 119–256 [2016-03-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-20）. Mr. Kelly: All the 1939 emergency legislation lapsed not later than 1946.

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