圖型識別(英語:Pattern recognition),就是通過電腦用數學技術方法來研究模式的自動處理和判讀。我們把環境與客體統稱為「模式」。隨着電腦技術的發展,人類有可能研究複雜的資訊處理過程。資訊處理過程的一個重要形式是生命體對環境及客體的辨識。對人類來說,特別重要的是對光學資訊(通過視覺器官來獲得)和聲學資訊(通過聽覺器官來獲得)的辨識。這是圖型識別的兩個重要方面。市場上可見到的代表性產品有光學字元辨識、語音辨識系統。
電腦辨識的顯著特點是速度快、準確性高、效率高,在將來完全可以取代人工錄入。
辨識過程與人類的學習過程相似。以光學字元識別之「漢字辨識」為例:首先將漢字圖像進行處理,抽取主要表達特徵並將特徵與漢字的代碼存在電腦中。就像老師教我們「這個字叫什麼、如何寫」記在大腦中。這一過程叫做「訓練」。辨識過程就是將輸入的漢字圖像經處理後與電腦中的所有字進行比較,找出最相近的字就是辨識結果。這一過程叫做「匹配」。
應用領域
參看
參考文獻
- Richard O.Duda,Peter E.Hart,David G.Stork(2001) 圖型識別 (第2版), Wiley出版社,紐約, ISBN 978-0-471-05669-0.
- Dietrich Paulus,Joachim Hornegger (1998) 應用圖型識別 (第2版), Vieweg. ISBN 978-3-528-15558-2
- J. Schuermann: 圖型識別: 類神經元網絡及其應用, Wiley&Sons, 1996, ISBN 978-0-471-13534-0
- Sholom Weiss,Casimir Kulikowski (1991) 學習型電腦系統, Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-1-55860-065-2
延伸閱讀
- Fukunaga, Keinosuke. Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition 2nd. Boston: Academic Press. 1990. ISBN 0-12-269851-7.
- Koutroumbas, Konstantinos; Theodoridis, Sergios. Pattern Recognition 4th. Boston: Academic Press. 2008. ISBN 1-59749-272-8.
- Hornegger, Joachim; Paulus, Dietrich W. R. Applied Pattern Recognition: A Practical Introduction to Image and Speech Processing in C++ 2nd. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 1999. ISBN 3-528-15558-2.
- Schuermann, Juergen. Pattern Classification: A Unified View of Statistical and Neural Approaches. New York: Wiley. 1996. ISBN 0-471-13534-8.
- Godfried T. Toussaint (編). Computational Morphology. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. 1988.
- Kulikowski, Casimir A.; Weiss, Sholom M. Computer Systems That Learn: Classification and Prediction Methods from Statistics, Neural Nets, Machine Learning, and Expert Systems. Machine Learning. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 1991. ISBN 1-55860-065-5.
- Jain, Anil.K.; Duin, Robert.P.W.; Mao, Jianchang. Statistical pattern recognition: a review. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2000, 22 (1): 4–37. doi:10.1109/34.824819.
- An introductory tutorial to classifiers (introducing the basic terms, with numeric example)
外部連結
- The International Association for Pattern Recognition (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- List of Pattern Recognition web sites (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Journal of Pattern Recognition Research (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Pattern Recognition Info
- Pattern Recognition (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (Journal of the Pattern Recognition Society)
- International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- International Journal of Applied Pattern Recognition
- Open Pattern Recognition Project, intended to be an open source platform for sharing algorithms of pattern recognition
- OpenNN: Open Neural Networks Library
- 國家教育研究院-圖形辨識
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